古代行政中枢机构的嬗变及其走势

宰相在中国古代作为“百官之长”，所谓“一人之下，万人之上”，是辅佐君主处理国家大政的最高行政长官。宰相制度是君主制度的调节机制和必要补充。本介绍了与宰相制度相适应的行政中枢机构的萌发、形成、发展和转换过程，力图在动态描述中把握中央辅政体制的演变规律和发展态势，从中获得有益的启示。     

努力探索高校研究生党建工作新模式

研究生党建工作是高校党建工作的重要内容。当前我国高校研究生党建工作中存在着党组织建设不规范、针对性和实效性不足、支部生活的内容和形式缺乏创新等问题。要想使高校研究生党建工作得到有效开展，一方面要进一步完善研究生党员质量保障体系，包括多维度教育培训体系和素质动态评价体系；另一方面要构建研究生党建工作创新长效机制，使研究生党建工作与学校发展中心工作、校园文化建设、人格培育体系、专业化管理相结合。     

高职高专院校管理学案例教学的思考

高职高专院校在管理学教学中针对学生的特点实施案例教学,有助于集中学生注意力,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的自控与创新能力;有利于学生管理知识的丰富与扩展,提高学生的自我管理水平与管理意识。高职院校在管理学教学中实施案例教学必须在引导学生进入案例情境的基础上,做到目标明确,注重对学生的身心激励。同时,认真做好课前准备、课堂讨论和课后总结等工作。     

国际体系与中国的外交选择

"国际体系"是国际关系研究中的一个重要概念,主要指国际行为体的互动所构成的整体。由于国际行为体的现实互动行为具有不同的属性,所构成的体系具有不同的属性,因此从概念上讲国际体系具有多重属性而非一种属性。现实主义、自由制度主义和建构主义分别阐述的权力、制度和观念所指涉的就是体系的不同内涵。在传统的国际体系观念中,权力政治居于主导地位。在当代,由于体系中制度与规范的因素凸显,因此研究者已不能再以权力政治的简单逻辑来判断国家间的互动了。认识这一点对于国际关系理论研究和进行战略评估都有重要意义。联系中国的对外战略选择,进行这个视角的思考尤为重要。面对具有多重属性的体系挑战,中国只有处理好自己的战略排序,对涉及规范、制度、权力的互动作恰当安排,才能顺利地实现自己的国家发展目标。     

对公安院校学员公务员考试的思考

2010年“国家公务员考试”网上报名结束后的统计显示，135万人通过资格审查，创历史新高。随着全国人事制度改革的不断深入，公安院校学员公务员资格考试将逐步被竞争性考试所代替．计划体制下公安院校的毕业生一直实行的定向统招统分格局将被打破。因此，对公安院校学员公务员考试进行思考就显得更为重要．也是当务之急。研究该问题，对于建设和谐社会具有现实意义。     

我国民事诉讼法的发展与体制性制约的分析

《民事诉讼法》颁布已经整整十年 ,在这十年中我国社会也发生了巨大的变化 ,这就要求我国的民事诉讼法也应当有相应的调整、发展和完善。本文指出民事诉讼法的发展和完善必须要考虑对已经制约发展的诉讼体制的转型调整 ,否则将难以达成发展和完善之目的。本文根据民事诉讼模式的基本理论具体地对这种制约和调整进行了分析。     

Institutional interplay and effectiveness: assessing efforts to conserve western hemisphere shorebirds

Bird conservation agencies and organizations can take credit for a long list of transnational policy accomplishments. This article examines one set, a constellation of arrangements developed over the past three decades by those seeking to conserve western hemisphere shorebirds. At the center of this constellation are the US and Canadian national shorebird conservation plans and a cross-border initiative, the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Conservation Reserve Network. We treat these and associated plans, programs, and initiatives as a nested set of institutions, noting that these are operated by a wide assortment of state and societal actors. Exploring the potential of a framework based on Oran Young’s concept of interplay, we analyze the construction of these institutions and efforts to establish effectiveness. Examining activity in three zones of issue proximity, we conclude that shorebird conservationists have responded well to formative interplay challenges. They have made least progress in engaging remote institutions responsible for threats to shorebird habitat. We note, though, that it is important to distinguish between scientific and political levels of interplay work. On a substantive level we conclude that the shorebird community is well-positioned to move beyond generative and programmatic tasks to focus on establishing policy capability. On a theoretical level, we conclude that a framework based on interplay provides a strong foundation for analysis of the forces shaping the effectiveness of informal conservation institutions such as the ones examined.

Friction and bureaucratic control in authoritarian regimes

Democracies deliberately create “friction” in bureaucratic processes, using inefficiencies to mitigate the impact of government transitions and asymmetric information on leaders' ability to exert control. With far more centralized power, would authoritarians prefer less friction? We argue that they do not. In fact, excess friction is actively supplied to hinder bureaucratic coordination independent of or even in opposition to top-down control, leaving the central leaders the only player powerful enough to organize complex actions. Our analysis of data on the Chinese government indicates that bureaucrats are systematically sent to unfamiliar work environment, and that agencies that are more exposed to the resultant inefficiencies are also more likely to come under direct control by senior Politburo members. The pattern of targeted intervention indicates that bureaucratic control in authoritarian regimes is predicated not only on centralized power in general but also the deliberate supply of friction to obstruct independent actions from the bottom up.