试述法律职业共同体的概念及特征

法律职业共同体问题,是法治理论与实践中“人”的因素问题,重视法律职业共同体理论研究,是我国实施依法治国方略,推进法治化进程的现实需要。本文以法律职业共同体为研究对象,循着职业、法律职业,共同体、法律职业共同体的研究路径,借鉴中外学者对法律职业共同体的研究成果,对法律职业共同体进行了初步探讨,以科学阐释法律职业共同体概念及特征,推动我国法律职业共同体建构为宗旨。     

SCHOOLS AS COMMUNITIES: THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COMMUNAL SCHOOL ORGANIZATION,STUDENT BONDING,AND SCHOOL DISORDER*

Research has indicated that school factors such as communal school organization and student bonding are predictive of school disorder, with greater communal organization and greater student bonding leading to less delinquency and victimization. Data from a nationally representative sample of 254 public, nonalternative, secondary schools were used to examine structural equation models representing hypothesized relationships among communal school organization, student bonding, and school disorder. The hypothesis that communally organized schools would have less disorder held true for teacher victimization and student delinquency, but not for student victimization. In addition, the hypothesis that the relationship between communal school organization and school disorder would be mediated by student bonding was supported for student delinquency, but not for teacher victimization.     

社区教育初探

随着社会的发展,社区教育越来越受到人们的重视.社区教育具有教育目标多重性、教育对象的全面性、教育内容的广泛性、教育方式的灵活性等特点;社区教育能促进社区发展,要有效开展社区教育,必须加强政府的重视,充分利用各种教育资源,合理开发教育课程,建立高水平的社区教育工作者队伍.     

出资制度的法哲学思考

出资制度是公司设立中一个极为重要的组成部分,各国立法均给予了高度的关注,纵观公司设立 的法制发展历史,无不内蕴着公司自身的运营效率和相关交易者的安全的基本价值取向,在分析了这两个价值取 向在公司出资立法的体现基础上,指出我国立法的偏颇及新定位,这对于理性地建立中国公司出资制度有着极为 重要的法律意义。     

粮食主产区粮食补贴改革研究——以江苏省的调查为例

对江苏省118个农户的问卷调查显示,粮食补贴改革达到了增加粮食生产和提高农民收入的政策目标.2004年水稻生产的恢复性增长是粮价上涨、农业税费减免和直接补贴共同作用的结果.如果按照农田计税面积补贴,随着农业产业结构的调整,农民很可能会减少粮食生产.如果按照粮食交售量补贴,可以起到增加种粮农民收入和稳定粮食生产的作用,但不利于国有粮食购销企业的改革和多元化粮食流通渠道的形成.因此,粮食主产区应该按照粮食实际种植面积进行补贴,合理确定补贴标准.粮食直接补贴要和新型保护价配合使用,建立起农民收入和粮食安全保障机制.     

机动车与行人交通事故损害赔偿问题之探讨

《道路交通安全法》(以下简称安全法)实施后,关于“机动车负全责”的争议很大。对机动车与行人交通事故损害赔偿在新法原则下的理解,应从归责原则、高度危险作业责任、过失相抵等方面分析。     

浅探我国法律援助制度的科学发展

法律援助制度是我国保护“弱势群体”的最后也是最有力的救济手段,它的内涵以及它制定的最终目标都体现出“以人为本”、实现“可持续发展”这一主题。它在我国取得了迅速的发展,也在为“弱势群体”提供法律服务方面取得了显著成绩。但是目前,我国的法律援助工作仍面临着许多困难,存在着许多不足,本文主要探讨如何去加以科学的发展和完善。     

COMMUNITY ACCOUNTABILITY,MINORITY THREAT,AND POLICE BRUTALITY: AN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS*

A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hypothesis and the threat hypothesis, we tested the predictions of two prominent structural‐level explanations of police brutality in a study of civil rights criminal complaints. The study included cities of 150,000+ population (n = 114). The findings reveal that two community accountability variables—ratio percent Hispanic citizens to percent Hispanic police officers and the presence of citizen review—were related positively to police brutality complaints, partially supporting that perspective. Two threat hypothesis measures of threatening people—percent black and percent Hispanic (in the Southwest)—were related positively to complaints, as predicted. The relative degree of support for the two hypotheses is assessed.     

NO COMMUNITY IS AN ISLAND: THE EFFECTS OF RESOURCE DEPRIVATION ON URBAN VIOLENCE IN SPATIALLY AND SOCIALLY PROXIMATE COMMUNITIES*

The link between resource deprivation and urban violence has long been explored in criminological research. Studies, however, have largely ignored the potential for resource deprivation in particular communities to affect rates of violence in others. The relative inattention is notable because of the strong theoretical grounds to anticipate influences that extend both to geographically contiguous areas and to those that, though not contiguous, share similar social characteristics. We argue that such influences—what we term spatial and social proximity effects, respectively—constitute a central feature of community dynamics. To support this argument, we develop and test theoretically derived hypotheses about spatial and social proximity effects of resource deprivation on aggregated and disaggregated homicide counts. Our analyses indicate that local area resource deprivation contributes to violence in socially proximate communities, an effect that, in the case of instrumental homicides, is stronger when such communities are spatially proximate. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories focused on community‐level social processes and violence, and for policies aimed at reducing crime in disadvantaged areas.     

论安全文化与职业教育的有机融合

安全文化是近年来掀起的新鲜文化,安全文化教育是提高人们安全素质的最有效的途径,我国在大力发展职业教育中,应当注重职校生安全文化素质的培养。文章根据通过对当前职业教育中安全文化教育所存在的问题进行分析,进而探讨安全文化在职业教育中的融合的策略与途径。