论国家机关、国有事业单位不能成立单位犯罪——以经济分析法学为视角

将国家机关、国有事业单位作为单位犯罪的主体会导致大大降低相关犯罪的刑罚成本,并不利于对此类犯罪的预防。根据以经济分析法学方法进行的分析,国家机关、国有事业单位均不宜成为单位犯罪的主体。     

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methodology in forensic toxicology: Modeling postmortem redistribution of structurally diverse drugs using multivariate statistics

Postmortem redistribution (PMR) constitutes a multifaceted process, which renders the analytical results of drug concentrations inaccurate to be interpreted by forensic toxicologists. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methodology could serve as an effective tool to estimate the ability of drugs to redistribute across tissue barriers during postmortem period on the basis of their molecular, physicochemical and structural properties. In this aspect, multivariate data analysis (MVDA) was applied to a set of 77 structurally diverse drugs. PMR data expressed by the central:peripheral concentration ratio (C:P ratio) was taken from the literature. An adequate and robust QSAR model (R² = 0.65, Q² = 0.56, RMSEE = 0.34) was established for 59 (77%) out of 77 drugs. Although the derived QSAR model presented limited applicability, it provided an informative illustration of the contributing molecular, physicochemical and structural properties in PMR process. Drugs with strong basic properties and enhanced molecular size, flexibility, lipophilicity and number of halogens were found to be susceptible to increased PMR. Due to the high complexity of PMR process, further QSAR studies need to focus on structurally related drugs to develop more specific models, which could serve as alternative tools to evaluate PMR for different chemical classes.     

Extraction of high quality DNA from biological materials and calcified tissues

Calcified tissues, such as bone and tooth, and some other sample types, such as those containing adhesive, present a challenge to standard extraction protocols. We have developed a lysis reagent, BTA™ lysis buffer, which is designed for use with PrepFiler™ Kit reagents. The BTA™ lysis buffer disrupts calcified tissue matrices and achieves effective extraction of DNA from pulverized bone and tooth samples. In addition, the BTA™ lysis buffer mildly but efficiently extracts DNA from challenging substrates like tape, chewing gum, and cigarette butts and, as with bone and tooth, DNA from these lysates is purified using established PrepFiler™ reagent extraction protocols.We successfully extracted DNA from powdered human bone samples, chewed gum and smoked cigarettes using BTA™ lysis buffer. Extraction yields for bone, gum and cigarette samples tested were consistent and reproducible. This extraction method efficiently removed potential PCR inhibitors from all samples tested, and C_T values for the internal PCR control of Quantifiler^® Human DNA Quantification Kit were consistent and within the normal range. The DNA extracted from these samples also provided conclusive profiles that were free of PCR artifacts when amplified using the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® PCR Amplification Kit. The protocol is easily adapted for automation.     

暴力犯罪后“捎带财物行为”的定性及理性分析

行为人在实施侵犯人身暴力犯罪后“捎带财物行为”的定性,应当具体分析暴力犯罪后“捎带财物行为”性质,即判断先前侵犯人身的暴力犯罪给被害人造成的状态,接着判断先前暴力行为是否形成新的“威胁”以及是否被“捎带财物行为”实施时所利用,最终作出合理的结论。     

中部地区某县104起投毒案件分析

通过对104起投毒案件分析,发现投毒杀人仍是投毒犯罪的一个主要目的;投毒案件既有一定的季节性也表现出一定的地域性;所投毒物种类分布较广,但农药和鼠药占多数;所投毒物具有鲜明的时代性;投毒位置、对象和手段有一定的选择性等规律。     

税收优惠政策实施绩效的模糊综合评价

如何对经济政策实施绩效加以公正、客观的定量化评估,不仅是关系经济政策延续运用和调整的规范性课题,同时也是对经济政策实行科学化管理的实证性课题。通过借鉴综合评价企业技术创新绩效定量分析的一般方法,利用模糊综合评价技术,可以总结对区域型税收优惠政策实施绩效进行综合评估的一般思路和方法。     

农村社区警务建设存在的问题及对策分析

农村社区警务的实施对于建设社会主义新农村,保证全社会的安定有序有着重要的意义。但现在农村社区警务存在着很多问题：一是部分民警对社区警务工作重视不够：二是公安机关用于农村社区警务的经费和警力保障不足;三是警民关系不够和谐,农村社区警务工作没有形成警民合力。因此,农村社区警务建设的重点是：一、完善法律法规;二、警力资源的科学配置;三、民警素质的有效增强。     

法律语言风格演变的规律及制约因素

法律语言风格的演变是一个循序渐进的过程,代代相习,逐步形成了法律语言自身的格调。在演变过程中,遣词造句越来越准确、简明、平实,法律语言文本越来越程式化、多样化,法律语言风格必须同社会发展相适应,因为法律语言风格演变不仅受语言文字自身发展水平制约,更主要受法律文化语境的制约,文学也是一个不容忽视的因素。法律语言风格演变的研究有助于了解法律语言背后的法文化状态及其对法律语言风格的影响,对当前法律语言优化具有一定的现实意义。