Electoral contexts that assist voter coordination: Ballot position effects in Poland

Hypothetically, in the open list PR system, all contestants, independently of their ballot position, have the same chance of winning a mandate. In practice, candidates placed at the top of the ballot enjoy a large surplus of votes. Their success can be explained by the primacy effect, in which the first ballot position acts as a focal point. The analysis of 6187 candidates running for the Polish Sejm in 2007 finds not only significant gains for top candidates, but that proximity to the upper end of the ballot likewise matters. It correspondingly discovers a weak benefit for candidates placed last on the list. Other sources of candidate advantage such as incumbency, capital city effect, age and gender are also investigated.     

建立和完善多层次多渠道的劳动关系协调机制

由于劳动关系影响的广泛性,劳动关系协调在现代经济社会发展中具有基础性、战略性的意义。我国在面临突出的劳动关系矛盾同时,劳动关系协调机制的宏观、中观和微观层次都存在不足,当前改善劳动关系协调当在坚持政府主导,发挥社会各方面的作用的基础上,推动建立和完善多层次、多渠道的协调机制,通过实践逐步探索出中国特色的劳动关系协调的路子。     

后危机时期电子商务国际协调与中国对策

电子商务快速发展带来许多全球化问题,这些问题不能在一国内得到解决,需要各国的协调一致行动。现有的官方和非官方组织在电子商务的多个领域展开协调,有效防止数字鸿沟的继续扩大,为电子商务创造了良好的发展环境,保证了交易数据安全,在消费者保护方面也取得积极效果。中国电子商务起步较晚,应采取积极措施顺应电子商务的全球发展趋势,为后危机时代中国电子商务的发展创造良好的制度环境。     

秩序重构与整体协同:巡察村居推进乡村综合治理的运作逻辑

乡村是国家治理的基本单元和重要场域,其治理模式的选择关乎乡村振兴的“最后一公里”。巡察村居以监督下沉的方式形塑地方政府的治理权威,为乡村复杂问题的解决创造条件。乡村综合治理是依据巡察结果展开的一项系统性的治理机制。在乡村复合型治理架构内,治理结构的碎片化和村民利益诉求的多样化导致“乱村”问题长期存在,巡察村居推进乡村综合治理有效运作的内在逻辑在于通过重塑地方政府的权威,为村庄公共秩序建构赢得群众信任,通过部门联动和整体协同的方式推进乡村综合治理工作落到实处。作为地方治理创新的一种有效举措,巡察村居推进乡村综合治理模式是中央顶层设计下地方政府治理创新的产物,旨在丰富“中国之治”理论体系并促进乡村善治的实现。     

从思维方式看科学发展观

从思维方式来看,科学发展观强调了社会发展问题的诸多思维方式,坚持以整体思维、协同思维、层次思维、动态思维来把握社会发展,发展思维的变革集中体现了科学发展观对传统发展观的创新。     

加强法治建设 促进社会和谐

社会和谐的实质是利益关系和谐。利益关系反映在上层建筑领域就是权利关系，可以通过调整权利关系来协调利益关系。通过法律调整分配权利义务，实现分配权利正义、分配程序正义、分配结果正义和司法正义，达到协调利益关系的目的。通过加强法治建设来构建和谐社会的基本路径是加快社会保障和公共财政立法，加强和改进行政执法，进一步改革促进司法公正。     

Value Creation: A Coordination Game

Strategy in negotiation is often modeled as an activity involving the interplay of creating and claiming behaviors. Theorists have advanced differing perspectives on what game best describes the consequences of choosing one approach over the other. David Lax and James Sebenius offer the prisoner's dilemma game as a model, whereas Richard Walton and Robert McKersie's analysis is consistent with a version of a classic coordination game — namely, the game of “chicken.” This article revisits these two perspectives and shows that the Walton–McKersie view is applicable to a broad range of contexts. In particular, it demonstrates how what is commonly called the tension between creating value and claiming is better understood as the simple tension between a high‐risk and a low‐risk choice.     

Debt crisis of the less developed countries and the transfer debate once again

In the perspective of substantial amount of net transfers from the debtor less developed countries (LDCs) to the creditor developed countries (DCs) in the recent debt crisis years, there is a renewed debate (that started in the context of German reparation payments after the First World War) on the question of transfer burden of debt. The present study assembles some evidence to show that the LDCs in general expanded their export‐volumes and faced losses in their export unit values in the process of their debt repayments. Many LDCs faced this transfer burden of debt irrespective of whether their export drive was in the field of primary products or manufactures. Thus the Keynesian analysis for German transfer problems seems to be relevant in the context of the present experience of the LDCs. For some debtor countries, the ‘insoluble’ transfer problem mentioned by Keynes exists as they are facing ‘Fisher's paradox’: The more the debtors pay, the more they owe.     

论宏观审慎监管的基本原则

国际金融危机后,宏观审慎监管的完善和实施越来越受到重视。宏观审慎监管法律的制定和实施需要遵行一定的基本原则,这些具有普遍性指导意义的基本原则反映了宏观审慎监管的本质和特征,与宏观审慎监管的目标是密不可分的。根据后危机时代国际和国内实践,宏观审慎监管的基本原则可以归纳为逆周期监管原则、协调监管原则和全局监管原则。     

专利制度中的优先权及内地与香港相关问题的协调研究

优先权问题是专利权国际保护中国专利制度中一个极其重要的问题。文章论述了优先权制度的源流及意义、外国优先权、本国优先权的相关问题,进而根据“一国两制”的基本原则对内地与香港在优先权协调中应遵循的原则及其几个具体问题提出了自己的见解。