我国大陆有组织犯罪的现状、发展趋势及其对策

有组织犯罪是指3人或3人以上,为了获取非法经济利益而形成一定的组织,以组织体的形式实施特定或不特定犯罪的犯罪现象。在我国大陆法律语境下,有组织犯罪可以划分为普通犯罪集团犯罪、黑社会性质组织犯罪以及黑社会组织犯罪。     

从罪犯到地点：犯罪空间防控的兴起

街面犯罪的持续暴涨引发了各界对潜在罪犯的犯罪防控模式的反思,犯罪地理学的发展、美国地点警务的日臻成熟与上述反思一道,促成了基于城市犯罪聚集热点的空间防控的兴起。犯罪的空间防控为警务应对的改进、平安中国建设的完善及防卫空间刑事政策的发展带来了全新的尝试与改良的契机。     

Treacherous Trysts,Tender Trade:

This paper examines how wives' continuing relationships with their incarcerated husbands are shaped by prison policies concerning husbands receiving personal services and approved material goods during in-prison visitation. A combination of data sources are used to construct an ethnographic account of the experiences of thirty women married to men incarcerated in two prisons. Findings show that within the constraints of prison visiting, marital relationships can be strengthened and/or undermined whenever wives perform personal services and deliver goods. Delivery of legal goods strained wives' limited financial resources while smuggling contraband provided wives with temporary relief from money worries. It is concluded that certain prison policies believed functional for the prison treatment program can lead to dysfunctional consequences for prisoner-wife interaction and for the quality of wives' lives on the outside.     

Specialized Domestic Violence Courts

Abstract

The multimethod study assesses the perceptions of specialized domestic violence courts' processes with victims' experiences as the central focus. Perceptions of the traditional courts and specialized domestic violence courts are compared among victims, courtroom police, attorneys, judges and victim advocates. Domestic violence education among attorneys, judges, and victim advocates is also compared. Despite the intended improvements with the specialized court model, victims report similar problems in both court models. Safety and victims support among respondents is mixed. Professionals from the specialized court receive no more domestic violence education than those from the general court. Victims' and courtroom police recommendations are presented.     

Trauma Symptoms of Former Intimate Stalking Victims

Abstract

One-hundred-eighty-seven female victims stalked by former intimate partners were interviewed about their victimization experiences. To identify psychological symptoms experienced by the victims, Briere and Runtz's (1989) Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-33) was utilized in the interview. Individual items were combined to form five distinct scales as developed and validated by Briere and Runtz (1989). Findings reveal that the highest mean scores for the sample were on the items included in the Sleep Disturbance scale. In addition, overall TSC-33 scores and the Dissociation, Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Sexual Assault Trauma-hypothesized (PSAT-h) scale scores varied by whether or not victims had experienced violence during their former relationship with the stalker and by whether or not violence occurred during the stalking. The absence or presence of verbal threats of violence during the stalking, however, did not have an independent effect on most emotional symptoms when controlling for violence during stalking.     

但书、罪量与扒窃入罪

刑法修正案八生效以来,扒窃应否一律入罪、但书是否得为扒窃的出罪依据之争,困扰着我国刑法理论研究与司法实务。解决这一问题的理论前提是,建立对但书及其规制下的罪量类型、政策机能、体系定位、出罪机制的基本共识,消除刑法知识转型时代不同话语系统囿于语境差异的对话困难。通过以阶层犯罪论体系与我国刑法规定为背景,立足于刑法教义学与刑事政策的融通,分析我国刑法特有的罪量要素的类型与政策功能,可以认为,扒窃包含为但书所规制并须结合刑法的规范保护目的进行涵摄的罪量要素。从扒窃行为的客观不法与“扒手”的人的主观不法两个维度,才能揭示扒窃的规范含义,并据以依次判断扒窃行为是否该当扒窃型盗窃罪的构成要件。扒窃作为盗窃罪的不法行为定型,既表明我国刑法包含涵摄罪量要素,也展现了我国刑法以行为不法为基础,重视人的不法的新动向。     

犯罪论对刑法典的形塑作用——以德国犯罪论与刑法典的关系史为线索的考察

刑法典与犯罪论体系的关系是犯罪论体系论争的一个前提性问题。对此,主张"维持论"的学者提出了"刑法典对犯罪论具有制约关系"的命题。通过对德国犯罪论与刑法典关系史的考察,可以看出,无论是构成要件、违法性还是罪责,都不是德国刑法典的产物,而是德国刑法学者智慧的产物。更为重要的是,阶层犯罪论体系的这些基本概念,通过在刑法学界形成共识之后,形塑了德国刑法典的发展。我国犯罪论体系的建构不应拘泥于刑法典本身的规定,因此引入德国阶层犯罪论体系并不存在障碍。     

韩国犯罪被害人保护立法考察与借鉴

韩国以《宪法》、《刑事诉讼法》、特别法律和《犯罪被害人保护法》为主要内容,建构起系统而完备的犯罪被害人保护立法体系,对于切实实现犯罪被害人权益的全方位保护意义重大。我国应当借鉴韩国犯罪被害人保护立法的有益经验,确立对犯罪被害人宪法层面的观念保护、完善刑事诉讼法中被害人的权利、制定旨在实现犯罪被害人经济救助的专门法律。     

吸毒行为的法律定性

目前,针对吸毒行为的定性主要有"犯罪说"、"违法说"、"合法化说"、"疾病说"及"受害说"等观点。基于现有研究及国外有关政策,明确吸毒者兼具病人、违法者、受害者三重社会属性,提出我们应正确对待吸毒人员,各部门应形成合力采取有效且人道的戒毒措施,保障戒除毒瘾者的合法权益。     

历史·范式·结构:犯罪学中的风险开示

在20世纪末,风险已成为占据主要支配力的问题处理方式。对于犯罪学来说,关于风险的争论已经贯穿在研究的全部范畴内。犯罪学中的风险理论经历了从隐性到显性的知识发展。在犯罪控制范式转变中,风险的规制、维控与治理与犯罪的预防、控制与治理分别对应而形成了以回抗、维控、化解风险压力为导向的控制结构。同时,作为犯罪控制结构要素的控制主体、控制措施与控制客体的任一环节的自反性都将使犯罪控制的运行超出设计初衷而出现风险性。犯罪学中的风险理论是犯罪学与风险学科的交叉研究理论,也存在由于风险的不确定性在犯罪治理中的适用所引发的一系列争议性问题。由此,风险议题在解决我国司法实践难题时显得尤为重要。