Uneven local implementation of federal policy after disaster: Policy conflict and goal ambiguity

As climate change continues to increase both the frequency and intensity of environmental hazards and disasters, the need for a cohesive national mitigation policy grows. As the environmental federalism scholarship indicates, the inherent tension in federal, state, and local policy implementation highlights that despite a national need, environmental quality is a local public good. To complicate matters, there is disagreement about the optimal level of decision-making regarding the adoption and implementation of environmental policy. This study addresses this gap by considering the role of policy ambiguity and conflict in policy implementation. The analysis relies on primary qualitative data collected from open-ended interviews with 22 local government officials in 12 municipalities following Hurricane Harvey. Through the lens of policy ambiguity and conflict, we find confirmatory support for the idea that policies with less ambiguous goals are more likely to be implemented. Furthermore, we find that policy conflict arises when local governments perceive there is little for the community to gain by implementing the federal program. Thus, the level of protection afforded to citizens varies greatly between communities and is influenced heavily by politics. This research supports the Ambiguity-Conflict Model of policy implementation, an oft-cited but rarely tested theoretical framework for assessing the intergovernmental politics of policy implementation. It also demonstrates the barriers to local implementation of federal environmental policy in a nested system of government.     

Mandatory due diligence laws and climate change litigation: Bridging the corporate climate accountability gap?

The debate on corporate climate accountability has become increasingly prominent in recent years. Several countries, particularly in the Global North, have adopted mandatory human rights and/or environmental due diligence legislation. At the same time, judicial and quasi-judicial proceedings are helping to shape the contours of corporate climate accountability. This article considers how litigation against corporations and due diligence legislation interact, and thereby help develop and strengthen corporate climate accountability. While the practice in this area is still limited, there is scope to reflect on early developments and how they may influence both future climate litigation as well as ongoing and future law-making on due diligence. We first review recent developments in climate litigation against corporations, focusing on the extent to which they rely on climate due diligence obligations. We then survey existing and proposed due diligence legislation, examining the extent to which it addresses corporate climate accountability. Finally, we identify scenarios of how due diligence legislation and climate litigation may interact and possibly converge to strengthen corporate climate accountability. We furthermore identify knowledge gaps and areas for further research.     

转变经济发展方式的发展经济学考察

当前,世界经济处于脆弱的复苏期,这对于经济处于工业化中期阶段的中国来说既是挑战,也是进行结构调整,加速转变经济发展方式的战略机遇。要实现经济发展方式的良性转变,实现经济平稳增长,需要重新检视有关经济增长与发展的观念、政策,科学有效地推动经济发展方式的转变。     

国家、企业、职工之间关系的社会转向--家族企业职工参与的案例研究

这是一项家族企业职工参与的案例研究.在案例企业,职工参与的内容具有传统阶级矛盾的性质,形式却是从国有企业移植的.这种"非同步"现象,产生的是良性的社会后果.这是国家、企业、职工之间关系的社会转向.对这种现象的描述和解释,以往适用的理论已经不可能适用,而社会功能的理论、资本社会转向的理论却是适用的.     

论职工队伍变化中的三个问题

我国职工队伍不断壮大,这是当前职工队伍动态变化中的显著特点。职工队伍的构成在所有制、乡镇企业、专业构成比重三个方面发生了变化。其内部结构由不同群体组成,其变化趋势有四个走向。这是新时期新阶段中国职工队伍变化中值得重视的几个问题。     

离异父母擅自变更未成年子女姓名的法律思考

通过对两个矛盾案例的分析 ,说明如何理解“子女可以随父姓 ,也可以随母姓”,认为父母离异并没有改变父母子女之间的关系 ,一方无权擅自变更未成年子女姓名。同时 ,对公安部公户政 ( 1995年 ) 0 74号《关于抚养人申请变更子女姓名问题的批复》提出了不同看法。     

Governing Climate Change: Towards a New Paradigm for Risk Regulation

This article argues that the ascent of climate change on the EU regulatory agenda signals a new era of risk regulation and calls for the establishment of a new paradigm for risk regulation. Climate change is altering the EU's conception of environmental risks and its design of regulatory responses. In contrast to conventional risk regulation, climate change regulation must prioritise the risks of business‐as‐usual over the risks of change, must target systemic change instead of stability, and must favour the virtues of integration and orchestration over those of individualisation and compartmentalisation. There is an important role for risk regulation scholarship to analyse this shift and its consequences for regulation, such as the relocation of legitimacy needs and the emergence of new risks of regulatory failure. Such an enterprise would both reinvigorate risk regulation scholarship and offer a vital contribution to the European Union as it tackles the momentous challenge of climate change governance.     

海运温室气体减排国际法律制度研究

介绍国际海事组织制定国际海运温室气体减排法律制度的背景,分析制定相关法律制度的可行性和形势,提出并探讨四个关键问题,即立法目的、共同但有区别责任原则的体现、法律文件的形式、是否构成海运服务贸易壁垒,揭示其背后深层次的政治、经济、技术和法律问题,指出国际海运温室气体减排法律制度将给船舶技术、国际海运贸易、航运经营与运营带来深远影响。     

体制创新：加快吉林经济发展方式转变的关键

近年来,吉林省经济增长的速度较快但发展的质量不高,经济发展的内生动力不足。经济发展方式转变滞后是由多方面因素造成的,但最大症结在于体制机制不合理。因此,加快转变经济发展方式是实现吉林省经济社会又好又快发展的必由之路,深化改革是实现经济发展方式转变的强大动力和根本途径。＂十二五＂时期吉林省必须对阻碍加快经济发展方式转变的各种利益关系进行调整,加快体制机制创新的步伐,努力形成有利于经济发展方式转变的制度安排。     

我国民营经济制度变迁、制度"锁定"及"解锁"研究

我国民营经济制度变迁历程是我国经济体制改革过程的一个缩影.运用新制度经济学分析范式对我国民营经济制度变迁、制度"锁定"及制度"解锁"进行研究探讨,有助于我们总结民营经济发展的经验,把握民营经济未来的发展方向,为我国民营经济更好更快发展提供有益的参考.