美国国内政治生态与台湾问题上的“双轨政策”——以里根时代为例

中美建交以来,美国对台湾问题奉行"双轨政策".文章以该政策的始作俑者--里根时代的台湾问题为例展开论述.首先,简述里根时代"双轨政策"的表现.接着,从美国国内政治的角度透视了里根奉行该政策的缘由,认为这是由总统个人的外交哲学以及美国国内政治生态中的诸因素共同决定的.最后,通过回顾建交以来历届美国总统"双轨政策"的演变得出结论,认为在透视当前和预测未来的美国对台湾问题政策时,要关注美国政治生态中诸项因素的作用.     

“九七”前后香港政党政治发展分析

在20世纪80年代前,由于英国对香港实施殖民地式统治,香港并没有类似西方国家盛行的民主政治,因此没有政党政治的存在。80年代以后,随着代议政制的推行,香港出现了政党政治。"九七"香港回归后,"一国两制"为香港的政党政治的发展提供了更大的政治空间,使香港的政党政治发展逐步趋向成熟。     

“上有政策,下有对策”作为错误行为的前提分析——关于一种纵向政治关系合理性的探讨

纵向政治关系是靠推行和执行政策来构成的,其合理性制约着政治的效能。“上有政策,下有对策”具有必然性、普遍性,但作为错误行为则是有条件的,实践中不加分析地给予全盘肯定或全盘否定都是有害的。要稳定政局,维系、发展、提升纵向政治关系,就必须确保纵向政治关系的合理性,特别是保证政策的合理性,尽可能防止或及时纠正政策的不合理性。     

Silence and Catastrophe: New Reasons Why Politics Matters in the Early Years of the Twenty‐first Century

Megaprojects are systems of highly concentrated power whose footprints, or radius of effects, are without precedent in human history. Once upon a time, even under imperial conditions, most people on our planet lived and loved, worked and played within geographically limited communities. They never had to reckon with all of humanity as a factor in their daily lives. Whenever they acted recklessly within their environment, for instance, they had the option of moving on, safe in the knowledge that there was plenty of Earth and not many others. Whenever bad things happened, they happened within limits. Their effects were local. The politics of megaprojects radically alters this equation; it poses new questions about the governance of risk and the nature and limits of democratic politics. The politics of megaprojects—put simply—raises fundamental questions about the ‘life and death of democracy’.     

政党政治视角下的俄罗斯联邦共产党

俄共建立20年来,其发展受到俄罗斯政党政治演变的制约和重大影响。与此同时,俄共在俄罗斯政党政治的发展过程中扮演了极其重要的角色,尤其是1993年恢复重建以来,俄共的存在促进了俄罗斯政党政治的规范和完善,对俄罗斯政党政治的发展起着特殊的作用。但是俄共在参加政党政治的问题上仍然存在诸多的难题。俄共的发展应当引起整个俄罗斯社会的关注,而俄共自身更应痛定思痛,通过改革重新走向复兴之路。     

Government accountability and voting choice in Italy, 1990–2008

Between 1996 and 2008 Italy has experienced four government alternations in as many consecutive elections. It could be argued that after the dramatic party change that occurred in the early 90s the Italian system is in a state of constant flux and voters appear rather bewildered. This paper presents an opposite argument, showing that voters' choice reflects the greater importance of valence politics – performance, the economy – acting as a cue to voting behaviour, interacting with a long-term political predisposition. In turn, this promotes parties' responsiveness and accountability since the overall performance of a government – even of a coalition government – appears as a goal to be shared by all partners, under the threat of defeat for all. The analysis is carried out employing the Italian National Elections Studies series.     

‘There will be burning and a‐looting tonight’: The Social and Political Correlates of Law‐breaking

In the aftermath of the August 2011 riots, politicians and commentators offered a range of explanations for the social unrest and wanton violence. Drawing on survey and focus‐group data, this paper investigates those explanations by analysing how socio‐economic, normative and political factors shape contemporary attitudes towards law breaking in Britain. The paper finds that both economic deprivation and personal moral values help to explain attitudes toward illegal behaviour, but citizens’ mistrust of political leaders and their disengagement from public affairs are also an important factor. The findings suggest that politicians who want to provide moral leadership need to do so through their actions as well as their words.     

Reform and the National Health Service

Why is there so much discontent about the current plans to reform the National Health Service in England? What is the government trying to do, and are the critics right to want to block reform? This paper traces the genesis of the current proposals in the Health and Social Care Bill, currently in the Lords, and why the Government has had to water down significant parts of it to appease the critics. The paper argues that the case for change has not been made to public or the 1.3 million staff in the NHS, the extent and timing of the reform is far from ideal given the need to make unprecedented efficiencies in the NHS, and that the political process to gain support has been weak. Yet many elements of the Bill push the NHS in the right direction, and without effective reform the original settlement—to provide equal access to care on the basis of need—is put at risk.     

经济全球化时代“世界政治经济化”简析

经济全球化对世界经济、世界政治及二者的关系都具有重要的影响,世界政治经济化和世界经济政治化是经济全球化时代突出的现象。世界经济对世界政治的主要影响有:经济实力是国家综合国力最核心的内容,影响国家在国际政治中的地位;经济多中心推动着政治多极化不断发展;经济利益的差异和矛盾是国家间对抗和冲突的根源;经济手段越来越成为解决国际政治问题的重要手段;经济安全构成国际社会安全的重要内容。