Socialism,Economic Development and Planning in Mali, 1960–1968

This article looks at practices of pilferage and bribery among African migrant dock workers in Durban in the 1950s. Many of Durban's dockers regularly engaged in small-scale theft, usually food for personal consumption, but sometimes they also got their hands on bigger and more expensive items or sold the pilfered goods. Many also relied on their social networks to find jobs and did not shy away from bribing izinduna to make sure that they were hired on ships that contained the right goods. Such crimes, which were often not recognised as such by the workers, have often been seen as forms of primitive and individual resistance to proletarianisation. This article, however, argues that these were not just reactive and opportunistic acts, but part of a conscious strategy to combine dock labour with a small business, which allowed several workers to withdraw from the wage labour market altogether.     

Chaebol and the Turn to Services: The Rise of a Korean Service Economy and the Dynamics of Self-Employment and Wage Work

ABSTRACT

This article examines the growing insecurity for the Korean self-employed who were once responsible for a large proportion of domestic service operations. Since the 1980s, changing regional and domestic economic circumstances, the restructuring of regional and chaebol manufacturing operations and liberalisation of the domestic service economy had led to enterprise diversification into the distributive sectors and the systematisation of the domestic service economy. Conducting a historical analysis of service sector development and decomposing the Korean Economically Active Population survey (1989–2011), this article charts the process of Korea’s distributive sector development and its effect on the self-employed. It argues that chaebol systematisation of Korea’s service sector consolidated the domestic economy after 1997 and exerted pressure on the country’s self-employed. Large businesses formalised the service sector, displaced the self-employed, and instead generated mostly non-regular wage work, proletarianising a significant segment of the service workforce.     

人口老龄化的机遇与挑战

今年是国际老人年,人口老龄化已成为一个世界性问题。人口老龄化对社会经济发展既有不利的影响,同时也孕育了巨大的商业机会。本文主要分析中国的人口老龄化不同于其他国家的特点和人口老龄化对我国社会经济发展的挑战以及商业机会,指出通过发展老龄产业,将会创造出新的经济增长点。     

Reversed Solidarity in Pension Plans

There is a unexpected phenomenon in the majority of complementary pension plans in the Netherlands. Unlike other arrangements that are the result of collective bargaining and decision making, these pension plans increase the inequality in the distribution of (lifetime) income. In those plans, persons without a career contribute to the payment of pension provisions of those with a career. Generally speaking, this implies that blue-collar workers and women pay for the pensions of white-collar workers, who are mostly men. For some of the contracting parties, the terms of the pension contract seem to be disadvantageous and suboptimal. The question arises as to why these contracts are being concluded and how they can survive in a competitive environment. Moreover, since the pension plans are the result of collective bargaining between the organisation of employers and the labour unions, the question arises as to how reversed solidarity fits the alleged redistributive goal of the labour unions. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. Firstly, that information and transaction cost, collective agreements, legal barriers and market failures on substitute arrangements prevent the conclusion of optimal contracts. Secondly, employers would find the pension plan attractive because it discourages shirking, enhances productivity and the process of job matching and reduces labour turnover. Thirdly, a pension plan based on final salary is in the interest of the median voter in the labour union, who is older and earns a higher seniority wage than junior workers. Furthermore, in the given circumstances the pension plan enlarges union membership and the dues income of the union and endows the union leadership with more prestige and influence. Individual union members would not oppose such a pension plan for reasons of informational asymmetry, transaction cost and the inability to capture the full benefits of their actions.A comparison of the pension schemes of Belgium, Germany, France and the UK shows that there are large differences in the structure and content of retirement provisions. Reversed solidarity may also be part of the pension plans in Belgium and the UK.     

职代会制度创新的实践与思考

国有企业改制对企业职代会制度提出了严峻的挑战。面对与股东大会的冲突 ,职代会制度必须应对变化 ,以协调劳动关系为契机创新发展 ,丰富和拓宽民主管理的渠道与途径。     

论网络虚拟财产的刑法保护

网络虚拟财产又称网财 ,是指游戏中的帐号、货号、装备、级别、段位、宠物等网上物资的总称。网络虚拟财产属于无形财产 ,是具有价值和使用价值的商品。伴随网财交易市场的日渐形成 ,网络虚拟财产犯罪的打击和监管已成为必要。网络虚拟财产犯罪主体的高发群体是青年 ,客观方面表现为隐蔽性和智能性 ,客体方面表现为多样性。处理网络虚拟财产犯罪的基本原则是拓展现行刑法关于妨害社会管理秩序罪及财产犯罪的适用范围 ,在刑法不能涵盖的地方作出补充和修改。     

Policy Styles and the Swiss Executive Federalism: Comparing Diverging Styles of Cantonal Implementation of the Federal Law on Unemployment

This article focuses on the implementation of the federal law on unemployment insurance (LACI) by the Swiss cantons. Starting in the mid 90s, the second revision of the LACI reformed the Swiss labour market policy. Resulting from a political compromise at the federal parliament between left and right wing parties, this law juxtaposes instruments of reinsertion of the unemployed into the labour market with instruments of control of the unemployed. Thus, the implementation of this federal law varies not only by the degree of application but also by the orientation of application. Some cantons implement the reinsertion instruments and neglect the control instruments, others make intensive use of the control instruments and neglect the reinsertion instruments. Some cantons make an intensive use of both types of instruments while a last group of cantons implements the law in a very sketchy way. The second part of this article deals with the concept of policy style, operationalised around four variables, as an explanation of the diversity of LACI cantonal implementation modes. One quantitative variable—the scope of state intervention—is statistically tested in the entire range of Swiss cantons. The other variables—style of state intervention, co‐ordination and interaction modes of social actors and the main traits of the regional political culture—are examined in six cantonal case studies of the LACI implementation process.     

非公有制企业劳资冲突与劳资关系的和谐秩序

近年来,我国非公有制企业劳资冲突时有发生。引起劳资冲突的原因较多,既有主体的主观根源,又有社会制度的客观根源。非公有制企业劳资关系和谐秩序的形成不仅有利于非公有制经济的健康发展,也有利于社会的稳定与和谐。在我国非公有制企业劳资关系向市场化和契约化方向转变的过程中,包括政府、企业和劳动者在内的诸多主体都应该发挥各自作用,共同努力,推动非公有制企业劳资关系和谐秩序的形成。     

析WTO框架内的国际劳工标准

回顾了WTO与劳工标准问题的历史渊源后,进一步分析了发达国家与发展中国家对此问题持不同立场的原因.认为将劳工标准与WTO联系起来是必然的趋势,中国采取坚决抵制的态度是不可取的,中国应充分发挥其在WTO的地位,在维护本国利益的前提下,积极提出自己的观点和主张.     

论我国劳动教养制度的可证伪性 --一种法理上的批判性视野

根据科学家卡尔.波普尔(K arl Popper)的科学哲学观,任何科学理论都有其“可证伪性”。我国目前的劳动教养制度在合法性、合理性、监督制约性、救济性方面都存在着可批判性,已经与当今社会的法治精神背道而驰。因此,我们应该废除劳动教养制度。