西部地区农村剩余劳动力转移与城镇化发展战略

目前,西部地区农村剩余劳动力的转移呈现出与东部不同的特征。要加快转移,一是形成合理的城镇结构体系,为剩余劳动力提供更大的就业空间;二是制定和实施农业产业化、乡镇企业发展和小城镇建设相结合的“三位一体”战略;三是深化体制改革,清除农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移的障碍。     

当代中国工会组织的角色与使命－从发展经济学的角度来作若干的分析

从发展经济学的角度对当代中国工会组织进行分析,可以阐明以下问题劳动供给与工会组织基础的新扩展;人力资源与开发过程中的工会任务;劳动关系与工会作用领域的再定位,除代表和辅助协调者外,工会还应该是一个学习者和合作者.经济发展与社会福利增长应该同步,我们需要的是物的发展与人的发展的统一性,工会组织的历史使命及角色的基础也在于此.     

劳动者辞职权相关问题之探析

辞职权是劳动者的一项基本权利。根据不同的标准可将辞职权分为法定辞职权与约定辞职权,有条件辞职权与无条件辞职权等,其中约定辞职权存在有一定的合理性。无条件辞职权的设置对于保护弱者,优化资源配置等方面有着积极的意义。依法行使辞职权不应承担违约责任。     

论农民工权益的法律保护

农民工问题的核心在于农民工的生存权和发展权问题。具体到法学语境考察,承认并正视农民工承受的不平等待遇,挖掘出农民工权益缺失的深层原因,以富有人文价值的法律来保障当代中国农民工的平等权利,乃是中国社会全面进步和稳定和谐之关键所在,亦系亿万农民工福祉所求。     

《劳动合同法》（草案）与农民工权益保障相关问题研究

《劳动合同法》(草案)虽然没有直接将农民工纳入范畴,但是农民工是劳动者之一,理应受劳动合同法的调整,农民工是《劳动合同法》的法律主体之一。《草案》第一次将包工头作为用人单位纳入劳动法的范畴,对确定劳动者特别是农民工与包工头的劳动关系意义重大,对农民工向包工头讨要工资提供了法律依据。《草案》已经将事实劳动关系直接纳入了劳动合同法的范畴,这对保护广大农民工的劳动权益意义深远。《草案》对恶意欠薪行为,规定了惩罚赔偿制度,有利于解决拖欠农民工工资问题,但惩罚赔偿的力度不大,应当加大倍数。     

The 1934 Southern Railway Strike in Peru

This article examines the 1934 Southern Railway Strike, a largely neglected yet important episode in Peruvian labour history. The strike, which pitted the British-owned Peruvian Corporation against its workforce, resulted in victory for the company. Drawing on a variety of original primary sources, I examine the factors that shaped the development and outcome of the strike. I pay particular attention to the strategies developed by the company managers to defeat the workers. The success of these strategies, I suggest, owed in no small measure to the volatile political situation created by the insurgency tactics of APRA and the Communist Party, which made victory for the workers politically impossible, and to the capacity of the Peruvian Corporation managers to draw on 'imperial connections' in their dealings with the Peruvian government.     

Export Growth and Development to Poor Rural Regions: a Meso-Scale Analysis of the Upper Limari

Abstract — The aim of this article is to explore the recent social and economic evolution of a rural region that was formerly one of the poorest in Chile but has been transformed by a productive specialisation in table grapes for export markets. The region is that of the Upper Limari in Chile's semi-arid Norte Chico. The analysis focuses on changes in four interrelated variables: productive investments; land markets; labour markets; and population distribution. Rapid growth in investment, the emergence of dynamic land markets, dramatic increases in labour productivity have transformed the agricultural sector. Small-scale farming has survived poorly due to lack of capital, technical problems and lack of bargaining power with the international fruit companies. The large-scale farmers have enjoyed better conditions and a reconcentration of land has occurred. However, the emergence of new productive activities in an area where labour alternatives have been historically scarce has provided new sources of income. Population is increasing in rural settlements linked to irrigated agroexportation and quality of life indicators have improved. Rural depopulation is not a feature of the region as a whole.     

实施积极的就业政策 改善创业和就业环境

把扩大就业放在经济社会发展更加突出的位置,这是由我国的基本国情和当前就业再就业的严峻形势决定的。党中央在总结实践经验的基础上,形成了全面开展扩大就业工作的总体思路,即深化劳动就业体制改革,坚持劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业和政府促进就业的方针,建立社会主义市场经济体制下的新型劳动就业体制。     

My Business Pays Me: Labourers and Entrepreneurs Among the Self–Employed Poor in Latin America

Are the independent economic activities of poor people “petty commodity production”—an informal way to earn a subsistence wage? Or are they “microentrepreneurship”, a launching point for capital accumulation and growth? This paper draws on fieldwork in Bolivia, Peru and Guatemala, focusing specifically on the poorest businesses. In–depth interviews indicate that even the smallest–scale producers, merchants and service providers have goals of “improving” their business and “growing” their capital, not unlike their capitalist counterparts. Yet, while growth is desirable, maintaining one's business as a steady source of income is a sufficient achievement for many. Poor self–employed people are both “labourers” and “entrepreneurs”; the key macro–level question becomes, not “Do petty–commodity producers have different goals than capitalist entrepreneurs”, but “What resources are lacking, and what obstacles exist, that keep many microentrepreneurs in low–yield activities, with little opportunity to grow their resources?”     

Working women in France,nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Where,when, and which women were in work at marriage?

We look at women's labour force participation for the whole of France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We study to what extent young women were working at the time of their marriage, in which occupations, and how differences in labour force participation might be explained. Using a sample of 53,451 marriage records from the TRA project, we identify regional and temporal differences in rates of female labour force participation and in types of work in France between 1860 and 1986.We observe rather stable levels of female labour force participation between 1860 and 1950 of about 60 per cent, but higher levels in the second half of the twentieth century. Over time, women started to work across virtually all occupational sectors. Regional differences declined over time but continued to exist in the late twentieth century. We formulate a set of hypotheses to explain which women worked, taking into account their resources, as well as their expectations, in a male-breadwinner-dominated society. The results of our hierarchical logistic analysis indicate that women with fewer parental resources were more likely to work.