强戒人员分离体验与冲动性的性别差异及与药物渴求的关系

目的:探讨强制隔离戒毒人员分离体验与冲动性的性别差异特点以及与药物渴求的关系.方法:运用分离体验量表,Barratt冲动量表中文版与药物渴求度量表对83名女性、48名男性强戒人员进行问卷调查和统计分析.结果:男性强戒人员冲动性水平显著高于女性(p＜0.05);女性渴求度与冲动性及各个维度呈正相关(p＜0.05);男性渴...     

Designer Psychostimulants in Urine by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry,

Designer psychostimulants are known by recreational drug users to produce a complex array of adrenergic and hallucinogenic effects. Many of these drugs are not targeted during routine toxicology testing and as a consequence, they are rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for the detection of 15 psychostimulants in urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), specifically 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐bromophenethylamine (2C‐B), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐chlorophenethylamine (2C‐C), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylphenethylamine (2C‐D), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐ethylphenethylamine (2C‐E), 2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C‐H), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenethylamine (2C‐I), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐ethylthiophenethylamine (2C‐T‐2), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐isopropylthiophenethylamine (2C‐T‐4), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐propylthiophenethylamine (2C‐T‐7), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐bromoamphetamine (DOB), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐chloroamphetamine (DOC), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐ethylamphetamine (DOET), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodoamphetamine (DOI), 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylamphetamine (DOM), and 4‐methylthioamphetamine (4‐MTA). Analytical recoveries using solid‐phase extraction were 64–92% and the limit of detection was 0.5 ng/mL for all drugs except 2C‐B (1 ng/mL). The assay was evaluated in terms of analytical recovery, precision, accuracy, linearity, matrix effect, and interferences. The technique allows for the simultaneous detection of 15 psychostimulants at sub‐ng/mL concentrations.     

Incidence of Fetal Drug Exposure in Alabama: 2004–2011

Postmortem toxicological results for neonates and stillborn fetuses were examined to determine the incidence of drug exposure in utero and the relationship to fetal mortality. From 15,600 fatalities with toxicological analyses, 39 subjects were identified; 22 had positive findings (56%). Among the general population, 10,500 had positive findings (67%). Among the subject population, 22 drugs/metabolites were identified; cocaine/benzoylecgonine was most frequent (9 of 22 cases, 41%) then methamphetamine/amphetamine (7 of 22 cases, 32%). Respective incidences among the general positive population were 12% and 6%. Fetal/neonatal concentrations overlap the general population and exceed the mother. Remaining substances, detected largely in fatalities unrelated to drug exposure, were of little toxicological significance. The variety, with exceptions, reflects the general population. That the incidence of cocaine and methamphetamine among fetuses/neonates is three‐ and fivefold greater than the general population is evidence that maternal abuse of these drugs poses greater risk to fetal viability than all other substances identified.     

食品药品质量监督问题研究

为加强对食品药品的质量监督检验,我国设立了专门的法定机构,并设立了专门的财政支出用于配备专业技术人员和先进检验仪器,依据相关法律法规制定的标准对食品药品的生产、研制、经营和使用进行依法检验,为食品药品监督管理提供可靠依据。文章对我国食品药品质量现状予以了细致分析,就食品药品质量监督的必要性和亟待采取相关的质量监督措施进行了阐述,最大限度保证人民群众可以对食品药品的质量放心。     

K2 Toxicity: Fatal Case of Psychiatric Complications Following AM2201 Exposure

Limited forensic and clinical experience and the lack of confirmatory testing strategies for synthetic cannabinoids (SC) prevent adequate characterization of SC toxicity and the potential impact on public health. A statewide surveillance system identified a fatality involving a 23‐year‐old man found with a large stab wound to the neck following use of a SC product suspected of containing AM2201. Analytical testing for common SCs, SC metabolites, routine drugs of abuse, and over‐the‐counter medications was performed on heart blood obtained at autopsy. Additionally, assays were performed on the SC raw material and drug paraphernalia found on the decedent. High concentrations of AM2201 were detected in all samples. AM2201 metabolites were detected in postmortem blood. Other than a trace amount of JWH‐073 found in smoke residue, no other substances were detected. Psychiatric complications including self‐induced, lethal trauma can occur after the use of SC products.     

Alcohol-related crime among college students: a review of research and fruitful areas for future work

College and alcohol are a potent mix. This paper reviews what is known and unknown about college students’ involvement in alcohol-related crime as both offenders and victims. There are three types of alcohol-related crime: psychopharmacological; economic compulsive; and systemic. Research on college students, however, has focused entirely on the first type. Why are the latter two types untouched in the literature? After reviewing research on alcohol-involved psychopharmacological crime among college students, we address this question by drawing on Lewis & Lewis’ taxonomy of ‘negative evidence.’ We outline and assess reasons for the dearth of information on these topics, and draw on these explanations to suggest fruitful areas for future research.     

Need a Hand? No Thanks! Media Representations and Peace Building Indicators: The Case of UK Foreign Aid Programmes in Colombia

This article considers research approaches often associated with media and journalism studies as complementary assessment strategies to inform decisions associated with evaluating foreign aid. In order to do so, the case of British foreign aid towards Colombia in the context of the War on Drugs is examined as a case study. The authors explore the relationship between aid giving and the receipt of aid by focusing on how the media can be used as a peacebuilding indicator. There is a dearth of academic inquiry into these issues. This article attempts to flesh out some future lines of scholarly enquiry using the UK–Colombia case study example. It uses research interviews with state officials, multilateral organizations and NGO representatives as well as a review of press coverage in Colombia over a two-year period. The article argues that media could potentially be used as an important indicator of peacebuilding success and failure in the context of aid giving and receipt but that to achieve that there are specific pre-conditions and issues to be addressed by the different parties.     

制造毒品罪疑难问题之解析

在理论上,制造毒品包括质与量上的毒品生产以及毒品的加工,其本质是使毒品从无到有地产生、增加毒品的危害性。在司法实践中,应当严格区分毒品的种植、生产与制造。分装毒品、毒品的混合、稀释毒品、在毒品中掺入杂质等行为是否属于制造毒品,则要根据具体情况分别定性。     

浅析当前毒品"合法化"问题的发展趋势及其危害

所谓毒品"合法化"实质上是主张使非医疗和科研用途的毒品成为合法商品,通过合法经营和买卖,降低其暴利,减少禁毒成本,实现滥用毒品非罪化,从而试图减少毒品的社会危害,把禁毒的希望寄托在公众自我的约束和觉醒上.此观点主要流行、蔓延在美洲、欧洲等主要的毒品消费国以及部分经济主要依靠种植毒品原植物的国家和地区.其理论依据主要是禁毒无效论和减少危害论.毒品"合法化"不仅是一个危险的论调,更是一种现实的威胁.我国禁毒决策部门应该高度重视其现实危害性,切实采取措施,避免其对禁毒工作的负面影响和冲击.     

走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪的既遂和未遂形态

《刑法》第 347条规定的走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪 ,是指违反国家毒品管理法律、法规 ,走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的行为。从这四种行为的外观形式看 ,它们在时间上都有一定的延续过程 ,存在有很多彼此独立又相互联系的阶段。因此 ,这四种行为均须以实行为达到一定程度才构成既遂 ,到底这些行为发展到何种程度才构成既遂 ,要视具体情况而定。