Analysis of the Effect of Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate on Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae),

Forensic entomotoxicology investigates the effects of chemical substances in the development of scavenger insects and the reflection on estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMI). To evaluate the impact of the chemotherapeutic drugs cyclophosphamide (CF) and methotrexate (MTX) on the postembryonic development of Chrysomya megacephala, controlled experiments were performed by rearing the larvae on spiked minced beef with different concentrations of these drugs. The results indicated that CF significantly decreased their developmental rate up to 28 h but had no significant effect on larval and adult sizes, survival rate, and sex ratio, whereas MTX decreased larval and adult sizes, survival rate, and there was a deviation in the expected sex ratio toward females in MTX‐exposed larvae but had no significant impact on developmental rate. These negative interference factors should be considered in cases of suspected death of people that have undergone chemotherapy.     

从高度腐败生物脏器中检验7种碱性药物的研究

介绍了从开棺高度腐败尸体脏器中检验常见碱性药物的方法.在高度腐败及脂肪较多的脏器中加入碱性药物利多卡因、安坦、氯丙嗪、安定、氯氮平及内标物SKF_525A各5.0μg,舒乐安定、佳静安定各10.0μg,在碱性条件下用乙酸乙酯与乙醚混合液提取,经GC/NPD分析.回收率因各药的性质不同有较大差异,从20%～77.2%不等.腐败尸体脏器是明显碱性,产生的生物基质对利多卡因和安定的检验有一定干扰.     

论精神病患者的自主用药权

由于我国目前尚无统一的精神卫生法,精神病人的权利时常不能得到保护。尤其是在治疗过程中,医生为给病人服药,通常采取强制、威胁等手段。这不仅会对患者的人身权益构成侵害,也侵犯了病人自主选择用药的权利。因此,在我国未来制定的《精神卫生法》中,关于精神病患者对于强制服药是否可以拒绝、其是否有能力选择用药、及医生对患者服药所应当遵守的程序等方面都应作出明确规定。     

Seizures of Clandestinely Produced Tablets in Santa Catarina,Brazil: The Increase in NPS from 2011 to 2017

Ecstasy is the name given to a large group of substances known as “club drugs” traded in the form of tablets, powder and liquid that present a varied composition, including mainly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and analogous substances, in addition to the growing presence of new psychoactive substances. Based on this, clandestinely produced tablets (“ecstasy tablets”) seized by police in Santa Catarina in the period from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed. During the study period, 3472 seizures occurred, which resulted in total 498,443 tablets seized. Seventy nine substances were identified. In the year 2011, about 90% of the tablets contained MDMA. This number decreased to 66.6% in 2017. On the other hand, there was an increase in the number of tablets that mainly contained synthetic cathinones, as well as tryptamine and piperazine derivatives. Police seizures in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis and on the coast prevailed over the rest of the state.     

Toluene-Impaired Drivers: Behavioral Observations, Impairment Assessment, and Toxicological Findings

Abstract:  Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent frequently abused for its euphoric and intoxicating properties. This report describes a series of six cases involving drivers arrested for driving under the influence who subsequently tested positive for toluene. Case data including driving behavior, physiological signs and symptoms, evidence of impairment, and toxicology findings were reviewed. Blood toluene concentrations in the drivers ranged from 12 to 45 mg/L (median 23 mg/L, mean 25 mg/L, SD 12.1 mg/L). All drivers were determined to be intoxicated, and displayed symptoms including balance problems, confusion and disorientation, loss of coordination, and inability to follow instructions. They also displayed horizontal but not vertical nystagmus, elevated pulse and blood pressure, and lower body temperature. These findings are consistent with prior reports that subjects with blood toluene concentrations above 10 mg/L are invariably under the influence and their driving skills are affected.     

推进“无毒社区”社会化进程的法律思考

禁毒是一个关系到国家能否繁荣昌盛,民族能否兴旺发达,子孙后代能否幸福安康的重大问题。因此,抵制毒品需要从每个社区做起。推进“无毒社区”就是要实现人人远离毒品,户户远离毒品。但是,公安机关必须清醒地认识到。目前在推进“无毒社区”社会化进程中还存在着诸多问题。创建“无毒社区”活动,既要正确认识存在的问题,又要充分利用社区管理、社区教育、社区医疗等资源优势,逐步形成一个具有防控能力的多元化、多层次的社区禁毒体系,并使之具体化、规范化、系统化、法制化。     

当前的毒品形势与我们的任务

针对不断蔓延的毒品问题 ,中国政府加快了禁毒立法的步伐 ,制定颂布了一系列法律、法规 ,禁毒法制建设取得了重大进展。近年来 ,各级公安机关始终保持对毒品犯罪的高压态势 ,组织开展了一系列打击毒品犯罪的专项行动和破案战役。抓获了一大批毒品犯罪分子 ,缴获了大量毒品 ,沉重地打击了毒品犯罪。     

Institutions,the Illegal Drug Trade,and Participant Strategies: What Corrupt or Pariah States Have In Common with Liberal Democracy and the Rule of Law

Institutions generate incentives that guide behavior, but many analysts and policymakers underestimate the power of institutions to affect behavior by ignoring how distinct strategies work to generate similar outcomes in different institutional contexts. This article uses the illegal trade in psychoactive substances to illustrate how outcomes (the size of the illegal drug market) across very distinct political institutions can be the same because individuals adopt different strategies in their pursuit of the same behavior: to participate in the illegal drug trade. The illegal trade in psychoactive substances represents an understudied and poorly studied issue in international relations. Arguments that focus on the deviant characteristics of governments in the developing world and organized crime to explain the trade are misleading for empirical and methodological reasons. I propose a general argument about the proliferation of the illegal drug trade that accounts for its success in countries struggling with poverty, corruption, terrorism, and pariah leaders, as well as in rich, stable democracies in which the rule of law “reigns.” The article takes factors that are often seen as distinct in explaining the drug trade (e.g., civil rights in liberal democracies and corruption in developing countries) and demonstrates that their explanatory logic represents variations on the same causal variable: the ability to conceal oneself. My insight is that the strategies used to achieve concealment vary by the institutional context in which participants find themselves.     

生物检材中乌头碱的LC-MS/MS快速分析

目的应用高效液相色谱-质谱法对生物检材中乌头生物碱等有毒成分进行快速分析。方法取全血样品经乙腈-甲醇(5:1 v/v)提取,使用Agilent Zorbax SB C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈(60:40 v/v)为流动相等度洗脱。在多反应监测模式下测定全血样品中乌头生物碱等有毒成分。结果乌头碱、次乌头碱和中乌头碱的保留时间为0.73 min、0.77 min和0.63 min;用于定量分析的离子对分别为m/z 646.4→586.4(乌头碱)、616.1→556.5(次乌头碱)和632.4→572.1(中乌头碱)。乌头碱在0.1~250 ng/m L内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9987,最低检出限0.1ng/m L,精密度考查其变异系数(CV)5.42%(n=6),血液中乌头碱提取回收率不小于90%。结论本文建立的高效液相色谱-质谱法快速、简便、灵敏,适用于天然药毒物检验。     

从ICE看缴获毒品检验的发展趋势

当今世界缴获毒品检验使用的技术发展迅速,为促进各国相关实验室间的技术交流,国际合作测试项目(ICE)已开展多次,本文通过对ICE缴获毒品组测试结果和总体评估报告进行分析,针对国际上缴获毒品检验常用技术方法及发展趋势进行分析,希望能为相关研究和实践提供一些参考和借鉴.