在线环境监测——生活垃圾处理设施环境监测新篇章

介绍了北京市生活垃圾处理设施环境监测现状,通过分析定期环境监测存在监测数据时效性低、代表性差等不足,结合在线环境监测技术发展及应用情况,提出目前已经具备将在线环境监测技术应用于生活垃圾处理设施环境监测应用的条件;应奥运会整体规划要求,就北京市生活垃圾处理设施在线监测系统项目建设,重点论述了生活垃圾处理设施作为相对开放的污染物排放源,在线监测系统建设过程中监测项目选择、监测仪器选择及监测采样点的设置;并对在线环境监测与定期监测的关系、在线监测系统日常运行管理及质量监控提出建议.     

Political support through representation by the government. Evidence from Dutch panel data

Research on political support demonstrates that satisfaction with democracy is higher among electoral winners than losers, and that it is higher for citizens who are ideologically more congruent with the government. In this paper, I analyze how support for the political system is affected by representation by the government. Expanding on previous studies, I leverage long-run panel data from the Dutch LISS panel spanning over several electoral cycles. Drawing on various measures that go beyond the distinction between election winners and losers and also measure how close citizens are to the government coalition as a whole, I show that being well represented by the government has a wide-ranging positive relationship with satisfaction with democracy, external efficacy and trust in political institutions. While this relationship is mostly short-run, political support can decline substantially if non-representation persists in the long-run. This highlights the relevance of long-run panel data for studying the consequences of representation.     

Are European Elections Second-Order Elections for Everyone?

Second-order election (SOE) theory has been used to explain voting behaviour in European elections. Voters believe that less is at stake in some elections and some voters hence tend to cast a protest vote. However, most studies on the topic have focused on the demand side of SOEs – i.e. on the voters – and have ignored or only partially tackled the supply side – i.e. the strategic behaviour of parties – and excluded small and marginal parties (SMPs). However, SMPs may have greater incentive to seriously compete in SOEs. The 2019 European Parliament elections in Germany were particularly interesting to SMPs as there was no voting threshold, thereby increasing the chances of SMPs. To capture whether SMPs view European elections as first-order elections and therefore expend more resources than parliamentary parties on these elections, I analysed campaign expenditures and manifestos. Results indicate that SMPs act within a rational actor framework, though not unequivocally.     

Policy Monitoring and Ministerial Survival: Evidence from Multiparty Presidentialism

Studies on policy monitoring and ministerial survival within coalition governments are usually conducted separately. In this study, we bring these topics together and argue that the strategy of coalition partners to oversee the implementation of one another's policies has surprising consequences on the duration of office-holding ministers. Our main theoretical insight suggests that the degree to which ministers behave as faithful agents of the government depends on their expectations about their partners' monitoring behavior, such that when they expect to be under high scrutiny, they moderate their drifting behavior. Using evidence from legislative information requests on the activities of individual ministers over all multiparty cabinets formed in Brazil between 1995 and 2014, we demonstrate that: (1) greater policy monitoring by coalition partners is observed under more ideologically heterogeneous cabinets, and (2) more frequent policy-monitoring efforts by coalition partners lead to a lower ministerial replacement within the government term.     

大数据视域下失业监测机制优化 ：机遇与挑战

为实现“十四五”规划提出的“健全就业需求调查和失业监测预警机制”，基于大数据开展失 业监测具有显著的实践意义。本研究在梳理和总结国内外关于就业失业的理论基础上采用文献分析法、访谈法， 分析基于大数据进行失业监测的应用逻辑，进而梳理国内外相关实践及其存在的突出问题，为失业预警机制的 建立健全提供参考。研究提出基于大数据开展失业监测的优化路径：首先建立政府引导、网站提供数据和学界 提供指导的三方合作机制，其次盘点和分类国内招聘网站等劳动力市场的互联网媒介，进而尽快开发和构建搜 索引擎关键词库，并引入专业的社会智库参与，最后强化政府监管力度。