犯罪人与普通人的平等——非监禁刑的价值定位与路径选择

现代刑罚理论普遍采纳行刑个别化、社会化原则使得自由刑的执行更有利于犯罪人的再社会化，而目前我国对非监禁刑的价值认识模糊、研究滞后，导致社会接受度不高，司法实践对其适用也持保守态度。透视我国非监禁刑司法适用问题，分析非监禁刑的理念及价值定位，在构建公平正义社会过程中从价值理念和制度上完善、创新非监禁刑制度及法律适用，追求最大程度上的犯罪人与普通人的平等，才能彰显刑罚惩治与教育改造的双重功能。     

论罪刑相适应原则之刑法地位

罪刑相适应原则在国内刑法理论中早就提了出来,并在现行的刑法条文中有所表述。但对该原则的已有理论研究高度不够,视野狭窄。立足于罪刑相适应原则之于刑罚个别化、罪责刑相适应原则、罪刑法定原则、刑法面前人人平等原则和刑法人道主义原则的关系较为全面而深入地揭示了罪刑相适应原则的刑法核心原则地位,从而为宏观把握和整体领悟刑法开启一扇窗口。     

Distributive Justice Norms and Family Work: What Is Perceived as Ideal,What Is Applied,and What Predicts Perceived Fairness?

Members of married couples rated how ideal communal, exchange, and equality rules were for their marriages. They also reported on whether they and their spouses followed each norm in general in their marriages and in the domains of housework and child care. Both men and women considered a communal norm to be more ideal than the other norms and reported that they and their spouse followed a communal norm to a greater extent than an exchange or equality rule, both in general and in the domains of housework and child care. In addition, links between reports of actual division of labor in each domain, as well as reports of norm use, and perceived fairness of the division of family work were examined. Greater inequalities in the division of labor were linked to decreased perceptions of fairness. Controlling for reports of division of labor, women's reports of the self and of the spouse following a communal norm were linked with increased perceptions of fairness as were women's reports of the spouse following an equality rule. In contrast, and again after controlling for reports of division of labor, women's reports of the self following an exchange rule and men's reports of the self and of the spouse following an exchange rule were associated with greater perceived unfairness of the division of family work.     

完善法律 促进城乡协调发展

改革开放以来,我国城乡差距总体上呈现逐步扩大的趋势。从法律的层面来看,国家对城镇和农村在资金投入、教育权利、劳动就业权利、社会保障权利的不平等待遇,是城乡差距产生的一个主要原因。随着以征地活动为主的城市化进程发展,法律的不完善导致城市化进程中农民利益进一步受损,加剧了城乡差别。统筹城乡发展要借鉴国际经验,通过积极的立法形式向农村倾斜,扶植农村经济的发展;通过完善土地征用的有关法律、加强农村社会保障的立法,构建农村社会保障制度维护农民的权利;以完善违宪审查制度为切入点,全面清理对农民不平等的政策法规,使农民和城镇居民一样享受到宪法规定的同等待遇。     

从排斥到融洽：外来农民工社会关系嬗变——以宁波为例

农民工的社会流动既是一种经济活动过程，同时也是一种新的社会关系的产生、发展、演变过程。宁波市针对外来农民工在流入初期的社会排斥现象进行了制度改革，使外来农民工获得了平等的社会地位，外来农民工与本地居民的关系得到了健康发展。宁波的实践说明：外来农民工社会关系嬗变，既需要制度设置、政策安排等社会外置性条件的改革，也需要外来农民工的主体后致性因素的提高，双方良性互动，才能较好地达到社会融洽。     

"同命"真该"同价"?——对死亡损害赔偿的民法思考

死亡损害赔偿并非对生命权本身的救济,而是对因侵害生命权所引起的各种现实利益损失的补偿.由于受害人个体情况的差异,赔偿的结果却千差万别,植根于"同命同价"思维的死亡损害赔偿定额化是对实质平等精神的背离,我国的死亡损害赔偿法不应追随定额化的赔偿模式,而应尽可能地对死亡损害赔偿额进行精细的个别化计算.     

Managing Equality in Social Dilemmas: Emotional and Retributive Implications

The equality rule is an important coordination rule in symmetric public good dilemmas. Although prior research emphasized that people use the equality rule out of efficiency concerns (as it helps to obtain the public good in the most efficient manner among group members), it may also reflect a true preference for fairness. More precisely, research examining emotional and retributive reactions as a result of a violation of the equality rule by a fellow group member showed that equality indeed is related to people’s personal values and what they consider to be fair. The present paper suggests that a violation of the equality rule results in emotional reactions, and these emotional experiences encourage further retributive actions. The different reactions following an equality violation are described as a function of three features: (1) the motives to use equality, (2) attributions for explaining the violation, and (3) the honesty of the given explanation. The write-up of this paper was partly supported by GOA/05/04 from the Research Fund of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. The research and write-up was supported by a fellowship of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Grant No. 016.005.019), awarded to the second author.     

权利的张扬与追寻——2006年中国权利问题研究综述

2006年的中国权利研究,著述颇丰,学术研讨频率密集且范围广泛,呈现了多元化、立体化的趋势。人权研究生机勃勃,平等权是当下社会生活和权利研究中的一个关键词,农民、农民工等弱势群体的权利保护则是与平等权密切相关的热点问题。传统的权利研究继续深入,新兴权利的研究与日俱增,权利本位理论正在向现实论证扩展,有关权利的理论日益丰满。     

民法典可否承载环境保护的价值理念——从民事主体角度考察

在环境保护意识日益觉醒的今天,已经没有人可以忽视环境保护的重要性,法律也需要在不同程度上进行"绿化".在目前民法典制定的讨论热潮中,很多学者试图对未来的民法典进行绿化,而对民法典进行绿化的关键在于民事主体①制度.本文从民事主体制度的传统设定开始着手,对于民法和环境法的价值目标和理念进行了剖析,然后从功能和民事主体的本质方面分析了在民事主体制度中反映代际公平内容的可行性.     

中国社会正义缺损问题之思考

正义是社会的首要价值,正义判断的标准是建立在义务论基础上的基本道德,正义的具体形式有形式正义与实质正义、算术正义与比例正义、交换正义与分配正义。根据这些概念与判断,认真审视目前中国社会关于正义的判断标准以及各种具体正义形式之不足,进而探寻改善社会正义的途径,具有重要的理论和现实意义。