和谐社会呼唤立法平等

和谐社会的核心问题是协调好人与人的利益关系,利益关系在法律上表现为权利义务关系。当前我国出现一些不和谐现象的一个重要原因是立法上的权利义务分配不均。只有立法贯彻普遍平等的原则,赋予每个人平等的权利和义务,做到立法平等,才能使我们的社会利益趋于均衡,实现社会和谐。     

论民法理念及其法治价值

民法作为现代法制的基础,蕴涵着深厚的文化积淀和浓郁的人文气息。民法理念是人类历史文明在民法上的典型表现,体现着市民社会的价值追求。民法理念的内涵丰富,其本质是正义,其核心表现为私权神圣、人格平等和私法自治。在民法的发展史上,民法理念经历了从形式正义到实质正义的转变,现代民法理念更加适应社会发展的需求。在当代中国,弘扬民法理念对于培育市民社会和建设法治国家有着重要的现实意义。     

用新安全观的视角看加强国际警务合作的必要

冷战后,中国提出以“互信、互利、平等、协作”为核心的新安全观,努力营造长期稳定、安全可靠的国际安全环境。新安全观需要新思维。在以合作求安全、以协商求安全,建立新的安全机制维护安全和坚持反霸反恐并重的思维。新安全观强调重视非传统安全威胁的因素,而国际警务合作是对付恐怖主义和跨国犯罪的有力武器之一,因此,应该用新安全观的视角来看加强国际警务合作的必要。     

Philosophy and the resolution of equality conflicts

This article examines Rowan’s discussion of my earlier paper (Messick, 1995). His warnings about the naturalistic fallacy and self-interest are well taken, but they constitute less serious threats to the usefulness of my suggestions than he indicates.     

Equity,equality, and need: A study of the patterns and outcomes associated with their use in intimate relationships

This study examined the extent to which specific justice principles (equity, equality, and need) are associated with different orientations within complex relationships. This contrasts with previous research that has focused on the extent to which justice principle use varies across relationships representing distinctly different goals. Forty-eight men and 60 women were randomly assigned to conditions of equity, equality, or need. Each was asked to describe a recent incident from their own relationship illustrating the principle to which they were assigned. Incidents were coded into one of three domains representing the multiple orientations of intimate relationships. Subjects in the need condition were more likely to describe incidents related to issues of nurturance or personal development, whereas subjects in equity and equality were more likely to describe incidents related to the allocation of responsibilities. Subjects in the equality condition rated their principles as a more desirable basis for decision making in intimate relationships than subjects in either equity or need. Regardless of the relationship domain, subjects in the equality as compared to the equity condition also reported more positive feelings about the decision and themselves as well as more positive and less negative feelings toward their partner.     

宪法与弱势群体的权利保障

宪法与人权密不可分,保障人权是宪法的根本价值追求。当代宪法在关注自由的同时,越来越关注平等,关注平等就是关注社会的弱势群体。当前,我国弱势群体的权利保障出现了前所未有的新问题。按照我国宪法"国家尊重和保障人权"的基本原则和精神,构建和发展我国保障弱势群体权利的法律制度,对于建设和谐社会具有极其重要的现实意义。     

Government accountability and voting choice in Italy, 1990–2008

Between 1996 and 2008 Italy has experienced four government alternations in as many consecutive elections. It could be argued that after the dramatic party change that occurred in the early 90s the Italian system is in a state of constant flux and voters appear rather bewildered. This paper presents an opposite argument, showing that voters' choice reflects the greater importance of valence politics – performance, the economy – acting as a cue to voting behaviour, interacting with a long-term political predisposition. In turn, this promotes parties' responsiveness and accountability since the overall performance of a government – even of a coalition government – appears as a goal to be shared by all partners, under the threat of defeat for all. The analysis is carried out employing the Italian National Elections Studies series.     

Strategic adaptation to new electoral systems

How quickly, to what extent and under what conditions do voters and elites adapt to new electoral institutions in order to not waste their votes and effort on hopeless competitors? A latent‐curve model of strategic adaptation is developed and fitted to district‐level election data from Spain. The extent of strategic adaptation is generally found to vary with the strength of the electoral system. However, grave ethnic tensions are demonstrated to seriously retard adaptation even under favourable institutional conditions.     

权利能力制度初探

权利能力制度滥觞于罗马法的"人格",在抽象层面是指成为一切法律关系的权利主体的资格,在具体层面是指成为特定法律关系的权利主体的资格。目前,权利能力有关制度中存在权利能力平等规定的不当与缺位、限制监护权利能力规定的缺位、权利能力与责任能力的混淆、经营范围限制企业法人权利能力的疏漏等问题,应结合世界立法趋势和中国法律实践予以解决,完善中国的权利能力制度。     

完善人民代表大会制度的八条建议

完善人民代表大会制度,是我国政治体制改革的重要组成部分。完善人民代表大会制度的举措包括完善人大选举制度,精简人大代表人数、提高人大代表素质,逐步实行人大代表专职化,建立人大会议辩论制度,健全对人大代表的监督机制,完善人大监督制度、理顺人大与党,"一府两院"的关系以及密切人大与人民群众的关系八个方面。