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131.
Eric G. Lambert Nancy L. Hogan Marie L. Griffin Thomas Kelley 《Criminal Justice Studies》2015,28(4):397-443
Correctional staff job burnout is costly to all involved. As such, it has generated a growing body of research. This study reviewed 53 empirical studies of correctional staff burnout and two review articles published between 1981 and 2014. The majority of studies focused on staff working in a variety of institutional positions, fewer studies focused exclusively on the subgroup of correctional officers, and even fewer focused on a different subgroup. The majority of studies also involved staff at US government-run adult prisons. Most but not all studies utilized Maslach’s Burnout Inventory. Research on the antecedents of job burnout among correctional staff is more common than research on the possible consequences or outcomes of job burnout. Interestingly, despite the empirical emphasis on antecedents of burnout, there has been almost no research on effective interventions designed to deal with correctional staff burnout. Based on this narrative review, significant gaps remain in the research on correctional staff burnout. 相似文献
132.
Avi Brisman 《Contemporary Justice Review》2015,18(2):178-196
While green criminology may be an effective name or label for the sub-field or perspective within criminology that considers a wide range of environmental issues, it is, in reality, a ‘multicolored green’ – a criminology that engages a spectrum of issues, that reflects the interests of some racial groups more than others, that reveals and analyzes environmental harms which disproportionately impact some racial groups more than others, and that can be approached from a number of vantage points or that can be viewed with variously tinted lenses. This article begins with an overview of climate change, including a discussion of its anticipated impacts and indicators of its already-being-felt effects. It then offers some general comments on the disproportionate impact of environmental threats and harms before turning to a discussion of the present and anticipated distributional impacts of climate change. Here, this article argues that climate change is, in effect, achromatopsic – it is color-blind, in that it affects us all regardless of skin color – but that those impacts will be distributed unevenly/unequally and that various groups are and will continue to be in different positions to adapt to climate change. This article concludes by suggesting that while the environmental harms caused by climate change are real – and the risks and threats they pose tangible and serious – climate change presents an exciting challenge for our creative potential as humans. In the process of reducing our consumption of fossil fuels and stabilizing (or, better yet, reducing) our greenhouse gas emissions, we might better assist those geopolitical regions most at risk (i.e. poor, developing countries) to become more resilient – an approach that is necessary for both the physical health of the planet and the prospects for social justice. 相似文献
133.
134.
China’s Peripheral Security Environment:
Analytical Framework,
Indicator System and Evaluation *
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ZHONG Feiteng 《国际安全研究》2015,1(1):129-150
Since the end of the Cold War, the West and China have had diverging
interpretations of “security environment.” China tends to define security from the
perspective of development, while the West’s definition concerns external threats
to security. In Chinese circumstances, the understanding of security environment
has evolved from simply military to a more comprehensive one covering military,
politics, economics and public opinions. This article develops a theoretical framework
to analyze China’s peripheral security environment in the new era, and constructs an
indicator system to evaluate it. The indicator system consists of the political security
environment, military security environment, development security environment,
public opinion security environment, and China’s periphery strategy, drawing upon
the theories of Realism, Liberal Institutionalism and Constructivism. Furthermore, this
article analyzes indicators through dimensionless methods based on the databases of the
World Bank, the “Foreign Relations” database of the Institute of Modern International
Relations at Tsinghua University and the People’s Daily, and compares three peripheral
security environment scenarios. The result shows that in a general sense, China’s
peripheral security environment has improved over the past decades. However, the
situations after the 2008 global financial crisis have diverged, and different theoretical
perspectives provide very different images. It seems that China has entered a very
different environment, and for stable security environment in the future, China needs to
cooperate with neighboring countries. 相似文献
135.
Investigating the Postmortem Molecular Biology of Cartilage and its Potential Forensic Applications
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Shawna N. Bolton M.Sc. Michael P. Whitehead Ph.D. Jayesh Dudhia Ph.D. Timothy C. Baldwin Ph.D. Raul Sutton Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(4):1061-1067
This study investigated the postmortem molecular changes that articular cartilage undergoes following burial. Fresh pig trotters were interred in 30‐cm‐deep graves at two distinct locations exhibiting dissimilar soil environments for up to 42 days. Extracts of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint cartilage from trotters disinterred weekly over 6 weeks were analyzed by Western blot against the monoclonal antibody 2‐B‐6 to assess aggrecan degradation. In both soil conditions, aggrecan degradation by‐products of decreasing molecular size and complexity were observed up to 21 days postmortem. Degradation products were undetected after this time and coincided with MCP/MTP joint exposure to the soil environment. These results show that cartilage proteoglycans undergo an ordered molecular breakdown, the analysis of which may have forensic applications. This model may prove useful for use as a human model and for forensic investigations concerning crimes against animals and the mortality of endangered species. 相似文献
136.
环境群体性事件的特点、原因及其法律对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
程雨燕 《广东行政学院学报》2007,19(2):46-49,81
环境群体性事件具有发展形势严峻、预警较易、参与者诉求多样化、地域不确定的特点,其中既有公众环境意识提高、政府环境信息公开的积极原因,也有我国环境法制体系不完善、环境与发展未协调、环境问题自身特点因素所致的消极原因。处理事件的法律对策,包括健全并修订环境标准,消除环境立法领域的冲突与盲点,引入环境风险防范原则,健全公民环境权司法救济的渠道以及依法处置和预防该类事件等方面。 相似文献
137.
随着全球生态环境问题的兴起和可持续发展战略的提出,经济、社会和生态环境的协调发展逐渐为人们所重视.虽然主张贸易自由化的WTO仍强调,应站在传统贸易优先的立场上,通过国际协作,禁止缔约方采取单边贸易措施的方法以达到全球环境保护的目的,但上诉机构对虾-海龟案的最终裁决表明,单边环境措施可以同贸易规则相调和.本文试图通过WTO上诉机构关于金枪鱼案、汽油案和虾-海龟案裁决,以及对<欧盟捕猎夹法规>的比较分析,讨论关贸总协定第二十条第二款之适用. 相似文献
138.
139.
随着经济的发展,人类赖以生存和发展的环境却不断在恶化,已经严重危害到人们对美好生活的追求。但是,鉴于许多污染和破坏环境的行为不直接损害特定人的利益,在传统的民事诉讼理论的指导下创制的法律,不能有效地约束和制裁这些行为。近年来,许多学者和专家也呼吁建立环境公益诉讼制度,并对在我国实行环境公益诉讼进行了理论研究和论证。文章在此基础上,先从立法的理由、立法的法律基础对在我国进行环境民事公益诉讼立法的急迫行和可行性进行了论述,然后细化分析了具体立法时的几个关键问题,对建立环境民事公益诉讼制度进行了探讨。 相似文献
140.
景世民 《中共山西省委党校学报》2005,28(6):79-80
山西经济结构为重型结构,资源与环境问题非常突出。文章通过对山西绿色GDP核算的研究,提出山西可持续发展的对策:树立绿色GDP的理念,转变经济增长方式;建立完善山西资源开发和环境损耗的经济补偿机制;以绿色GDP促进循环经济发展;将绿色GDP纳入干部的考核体系中。 相似文献