中日前近代商人思想及伦理价值取向的差异——兼论中日近代化进程出现落差的思想原因

中日在由前近代社会向近代社会转型时之所以出现巨大落差,从表征看是由于两国在转型期间所采取的方针和做法不同导致的,但更深层的原因,则在于各自前近代的社会基础及其普遍性价值取向,以及与资本主义精神生成有关的商人伦理思想等存在诸多不同。文章通过对中日前近代商人的商贾思想、商业伦理、营利观和"义利关系观"等进行考察和分析,不仅阐明了中日前近代商人思想及其价值取向的不同性质和特征,而且从一个侧面揭示了中日近代化进程之所以出现落差的思想原因。     

气候变化损害的国家责任:虚幻或现实

人类活动导致的气候变化是当前全球生态系统和人类生存所面临的最大威胁之一。受历史积累因素的影响,无论各国如何控制、削减温室气体排放,气候变化造成的损害仍不可避免,而气候变化损害的国家责任也日益成为国际社会无法回避的现实问题。作为一种特殊的跨界损害,气候变化损害无论在国际不法行为的认定还是因果关系的确定方面,都对现行国家责任制度提出了挑战。由于诸多障碍的存在,追究气候变化损害的国家责任在目前尚不具备充分的现实可行性。不过,来自国家责任的潜在压力至少有助于敦促各国积极改善温室气体排放政策,并就气候变化损害的救济尽快制定切实有效的全球性解决方案。     

论气候变化语境下的国际服务贸易法适用问题:以一般例外规则为视角

各国日益重视采用服务贸易措施应对气候变化,我国WTO服务承诺亦与气候变化相关。因措施通常视成员是否承担减排义务而给予不同待遇,容易违反非歧视原则,一般例外是判断措施合法性的关键。一般例外适用于气候变化时将面临措施性质认定、必要性测试、发展中成员可否利用引言获得特殊待遇等诸多难题。为确保一般例外适用的可预见性并妥善平衡贸易与气候变化,需强化贸易与气候变化的相互支持,解决一般例外法理的连贯性不足等缺陷,避免僵化解释,力争规则更新修改。     

Reform of Nuclear Disasters＇ Legislation Adapting to Climate Change

核灾害的应对重在预防,而气候变化改变了核灾害的成灾机理,强化和放大了灾害风险。适应气候变化的核灾害应对制度变革：立法理念必须从减轻灾害向减轻灾害风险转变;内容创新必须重点突出核设施选址中夯实程序的完整性、非居住区和规划限制区制度中补充发展权补偿内容、防灾规划在体系完善基础上“融入主流”等三个方面;运行机制改革应该在国际层面创建多中心的灾害风险治理框架,在国内层面推进“三元、三级”的统舍与协调。     

梦想与道德:中国梦的伦理蕴含

自古以来,梦想和道德就是人类观念领域和文化世界的两翼,推动着人类社会不断走向更加富强、文明、和谐的美好未来,二者之间是相互作用、相互促进的辩证关系。中国共产党一直矢志追求中华民族伟大复兴这一梦想,一直努力宣传和践行社会主义道德规范。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记对梦想与道德发表了系列重要讲话,具有重要理论内涵。具体来说,中国梦体现了团结爱国、改革创新的伦理精神,反映了以人为本、改善民生的价值追求,彰显了合作共赢、共同发展的和谐理念。     

文以载吾道:唐文标的“寻根”与伦理重建

本文通过梳理唐文标在20世纪60至80年代的思想路径,试图揭开唐文标在两岸文学、文化史上被遮蔽的先锋作用。从1960年代的“寻根”“回归现实”,到1970年代的“文以载道”“重建桃花源”,再到1980年代的“集体救赎”“伦理重建”,唐文标始终是台湾文学与现代文化敏锐的研究者和坚定的实践者。通过重新认识唐文标,我们得以重估保钓的精神遗产,重新认识台湾现代文学和文化史中走过的歧路和迄今悬而未决的问题。唐文标晚年从台湾民变史和中国戏剧史中看到建立适应时代的伦理秩序和文化制度的重要性和迫切性,实际是尝试从中华文明史的角度提出人的困境的解方。他一生的创作,正是实践自己“道”的写照。     

浙江争创应对气候变化“重要窗口”的机遇与路径

气候变化是人类社会面临的严峻挑战。在共同应对气候变化的国际共识业已形成,中国日渐成为全球气候治理引领者的大背景下,应对气候变化理应成为浙江建设“重要窗口”的核心组成部分。为此,浙江必须持续推进产业、能源和运输等领域的结构性减排,实现高质量碳达峰;采取超常规措施挖掘自然碳汇和人工碳汇潜力,尽早谋划碳中和实现路径;完善碳排放权和碳汇交易机制;建立健全气候治理的领导机制、市场机制和社会机制,为争创应对气候变化“重要窗口”提供制度保障。     

Environmental Harm or Natural Hazard? Problem Identification and Adaptation in U.S. Municipal Climate Action Plans

A number of cities in the United States have devised climate action plans (CAPs) to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, few of these plans address strategies to adapt to the long term effects of climate change that will occur in the near and distant future. The research presented in this article examines why cities choose to embed adaptation provisions in their CAPs. Our study codes the content of CAPs for all cities (N = 98) in the United States with populations greater than 50,000. We find cities that frame problems associated with climate change in the language of hazards are more likely to include adaptation strategies in their CAPs than cities that focus on other types of environmental harm. Our findings suggest that more robust efforts to plan for climate change will require the activation of communities of interest beyond those that have been instrumental in setting the current climate agenda.     

Moral Teaching and Ethical Expression of Mrs.Warren's Profession

Mrs.Warren' Profession mainly tells how the relationship between Mrs.Warren and her daughter Vivie goes worse and even breaks up in the context of capitalism exploitation and oppression. Along with the ethical line of unaccomplished kinship, this article is to deconstruct its ethical knots of the ethical choice, ethical identity, and ethical confusion through presenting the ethical environment so as to explore its deep-hidden ethical root of unaccomplished good family relation ship.     

Fuel to the Fire: Natural Disasters and the Duration of Civil Conflict

Do natural disasters prolong civil conflict? Or are disasters more likely to encourage peace as hostilities diminish when confronting shared hardship or as shifts in the balance of power between insurgents and the state hasten cessation? To address these questions, this study performs an event history analysis of disasters’ impact on the duration of 224 armed intrastate conflicts occurring in 86 states between 1946 and 2005. I contend that natural disasters increase conflict duration by decreasing the state’s capacity to suppress insurgency, while reinforcing insurgent groups’ ability to evade capture and avoid defeat. First, disasters’ economic impact coupled with state financial outlays for disaster relief and reconstruction, reduce resources available for counterinsurgency and nation building in conflict zones. Second, the military’s role in administering humanitarian assistance can reduce the availability of troops and military hardware for counterinsurgency, prompt temporary ceasefires with insurgents, or both. Third, natural disasters can cause infrastructural damages that disproportionately hinder the state’s capacity to execute counterinsurgency missions, thereby making insurgent forces more difficult to capture and overcome. The combination of these dynamics should encourage longer conflicts in states with higher incidence of disaster. Empirical evidence strongly supports this contention, indicating that states with greater disaster vulnerability fight longer wars.