Neutralizing Unethical Negotiating Tactics: An Empirical Investigation of Approach Selection and Effectiveness

Negotiation is integral to business success, and information is the lifeblood of the negotiation process. When invalid information is disseminated via manipulation or deceit, one or more parties can suffer. Nonetheless, many studies have shown that the use of questionable or unethical tactics is commonplace. This article reports on a study of twelve behaviors that can neutralize a counterpart's tendencies to employ questionable or unethical tactics, improving the chances for an integrative (win–win) outcome. The results suggest that while nearly two thirds of participants employed neutralizing behaviors, they used many of these behaviors later in the negotiation process than anticipated and simultaneously alongside questionable or unethical tactics. While we found some evidence that the twelve neutralizing behaviors were viewed differently from questionable or unethical tactics, the expected attenuating effects were not found. The implications of these findings, including opportunities for future research, are discussed.     

消费伦理观转变的理性反思

消费伦理观具有时代性,不同的时代会有不同的消费伦理观引导着人们。我国长期在崇俭黜奢的消费伦理观的左右下,消费的形式多为生存性的物质消费,具有明显的保守性。随着经济的发展,我国人民的消费观念和消费方式发生了巨大的变革,这种消费伦理观念的变化在给人们的消费方式带来发展的同时出现了一些新的消费观,如享乐主义的消费观、信贷消费观、冲动性消费观等。因此,在社会转型期要继承和发扬传统消费观念中的优秀部分,合理分配消费比例,努力倡导可持续消费和绿色消费,用一种科学、健康的消费伦理观念引导人们的生活。     

Language dubbing and cultural comprehension: the comparative effects of Kiswahili language dubbing in Kenya

SUMMARY

This article investigates the relationship between the issues surrounding the Tempe incident, as reported in the press, and the communication barriers which were identified during the research study conducted by the author of this article.

The study is based on convergence theory which states that when members of different cultures communicate with each other they will, over time, converge to a state of greater uniformity provided that communication between the members is unrestricted.

To determine whether conditions exist that could facilitate or impede convergence a survey was conducted. The questionnaire for the survey was developed from impressions gained during focus group interviews. A factor analysis was performed to determine the location and extend of the communication barriers.

The findings of the study, the impressions gained and the statements released by the press were correlated to emphasise the restriction of communication and the unlikeliness of convergence. The author tries to emphasise the serious implications of the barriers indicating that the barriers and the impressions gained are indicators related to the Tempe incident and should be given the necessary attention. An important finding is the correlation between the statements (grievances) made during the focus group discussions, the communication barriers and the media reports, especially those in the press.

From the findings it can be deduced that the diversity in culture leading to different perceptions, ignorance of the other culture and language need to be addressed. The problem of feedback ie regulated information is one of great concern.     

《循环经济促进法》的环境伦理审视

伦理思想是法律制度的基础与理论依据，研究环境伦理对于《循环经济促进法》的实施与贯彻具有重要意义。文章在对当代西方生态伦理思想进行分析评价的基础上，认为《循环经济促进法》应以发展与生态安全为伦理取向。在实际实施中，只有充分考虑到这两个因素，才能形成良好的社会环境，提高执法能力，从而使《循环经济促进法》全面体现其价值，达到自身的善。     

论企业生态伦理及其构建

随着人类文明日益进步和经济飞速增长，生态环境对经济活动的影响和制约越来越大，作为社会财富创造主体的现代企业，应该相应调整自己的经营哲学，让企业生态伦理发挥越来越重要的作用。     

论“以德治国”方略

“以德治国”方略是对中国优秀传统文化的批判继承,是对党的治国理论与实践的丰富和发展。要把“依法治国”和“以德治国”紧密地结合起来,使之相辅相成。     

Ethical aspects of scientific progress

Ethics and science are much more closely connected than some people assume. Erroneous perceptions of the nature of ethics are the probable cause of this. Ethics is an intrinsic and productive component of scientific work, not some external or retrospective obstruction of “real” scientific research. The ethical component is positively influenced by a thorough knowledge of the discipline it belongs to. Science thrives in a climate of freedom, but this must not be used as an alibi to circumvent social responsibility and ethical concern. Ethical science has a direct bearing on science policy. Giving due attention to the ethical aspect of scientific work leads to several tangible results. It increases interdisciplinary openness, it promotes the communicability of science, and, ideally, it demonstrates the difference between knowledge and wisdom. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Geoengineering the climate and ethical challenges: what we can learn from moral emotions and art

ABSTRACT

Climate change is an urgent problem, requiring ways and approaches to address it. Possible solutions are mitigation, adaptation and deployment of geoengineering. In this article we argue that geoengineering gives rise to ethical challenges of its own. Reflecting on these ethical challenges requires approaches that go beyond conventional, quantitative methods of risk assessment. Quantitative methods leave out important ethical considerations such as justice, fairness, autonomy and legitimacy. We argue that emotions and art can play an important role in ethical deliberation about geoengineering. Emotions can point out what morally matters. We also examine the role that works of art can play. Recently, artists have become involved with risky technologies. We argue that such artworks can contribute to emotional-moral reflection and public deliberation on geoengineering, by making abstract problems more concrete, letting us broaden narrow personal perspectives, exploring new scenarios, and challenging our imagination.     

伦理学的对象问题

从传统规范伦理学的义务论与目的论的分歧，到现代元伦理学的认识主义与非认识主义、直觉主义与自然主义的争执，无不与对伦理学对象的不同理解直接相关。伦理学必须不断地依据历史的进程和社会生活的实际状况来探寻道德的意志自由的实质，以及意志自由的道德的规律性。     

学术伦理实施对策论

为了有效实施学术伦理,我们在此提出了四大主要对策:确保法律公正、普及研究伦理、实行行政奖惩制度、建立真正独立的"学术伦理委员会"等。目前中国学术执法显得非常欠缺,以致学术失范泛滥。学术伦理主要是道德自律问题,学者的道德自觉性迫切需要提升,但是需要有实施道德的相关外在条件和社会机制。目前应该大力提倡、奖励认真履行研究伦理的科学家和学者,同时从行政方法严格惩罚违背靠科研道德的行为。独立设置的大学学术委员会,要成为学术的良心和学术道德的守护者,做到及时处理日常科研伦理问题。