中国法官职业化改革的立场和策略

法官职业化是中国司法改革和发展的重大主题之一,处理这样一个宏大而复杂的问题,需要在理想和现状、目标和方法方面进行艰难的立场选择和策略安排。本文选自作者近年来发表的相关文章,以探讨法律职业在法治社会中的合理定位开篇,以《法官法》与法官的职业化进程收尾,其中论及中国法官职业化改造过程中的一系列备受关注的问题。     

Assessment of the Capacity to Express Informed Consent for Organ Donation in Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract: In Italy, the “silent‐consent” principle of donor’s willingness regulates organ donation for postmortem transplantation, but civil incompetence excludes it. We investigated decisional capacity for organ donation for transplantation of 30 controls and 30 nonincompetent patients with schizophrenia as related to clinical symptoms, cognition, and functioning. Assessments were carried out through the Competence for Donation Assessment Scale (CDAS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Life Skills Profile (LSP), Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Rey RI, Rey RD, and Visual Search. Patients and controls differed on the CDAS Understanding and Choice Expression areas. Patients showed significant inverse bivariate correlations between CDAS Understanding and scores on total BPRS, LSP self‐care scale, and RCPM cognitive test. Our results show that decisional capacity for participating in research does not predict decisional capacity for postmortem organ donation in patients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective psychosis; hence, before judging consent for donation, patients must be provided with enhanced information to better understand this delicate issue.     

Ethical aspects of scientific progress

Ethics and science are much more closely connected than some people assume. Erroneous perceptions of the nature of ethics are the probable cause of this. Ethics is an intrinsic and productive component of scientific work, not some external or retrospective obstruction of “real” scientific research. The ethical component is positively influenced by a thorough knowledge of the discipline it belongs to. Science thrives in a climate of freedom, but this must not be used as an alibi to circumvent social responsibility and ethical concern. Ethical science has a direct bearing on science policy. Giving due attention to the ethical aspect of scientific work leads to several tangible results. It increases interdisciplinary openness, it promotes the communicability of science, and, ideally, it demonstrates the difference between knowledge and wisdom. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

略论中国古代的法律伦理——以《唐律疏议》为中心

中国古代也存在法律伦理。《唐律疏议》是中华法系的代表作,以它为中心来审视古代的法律伦理,具有一定的代表性。中国古代的法律伦理存在于法律的原则、制度和具体内容之中,《唐律疏议》中法律伦理的形成有一定的条件支撑。与中国古代的法律伦理相关,法律伦理的作用、阐发和影响等问题值得关注。     

关怀伦理学视野中的道德教育

关怀伦理学是当代西方女性主义伦理学中的重要理论,它肯定女性独特的道德体验,关注具体的道德情境,强调人与人之间的感情、关系以及相互关怀,并强调了“榜样”、“对话”、“实践”、“认可”在道德教育中的重要作用。它的产生为道德发展和道德教育提出了新的研究视角和内涵,这一理论对于我国学校的德育改革有重要启示。     

佛教生态伦理及其现实启示

佛教以缘起论为哲学基础,以众生平等为核心价值,以尊重生命、爱护环境为行为规范,以净土为终极理想,形成了自己的生态伦理思想。佛教生态伦理为正确认识和处理人与自然、人与其他生命的关系提供了理论借鉴,并为今天的生态文明建设提供了一条路径。     

我国当前制度伦理建设问题初探

制度伦理是指对存在于社会基本结构中并保证结构规范合理化的基本制度的伦理考量和实现伦理道德的一系列制度化安排的辩证统一的过程或状态。制度伦理建设是世界各国的一种普遍现象,也是各国道德建设所走的一条成功之路,它能促使社会成员"行善若性然,"使某些道德要求"藏于官则为法,施于国则成俗,"使国民养成对国家、对社会、对人类的高度责任感,而这也正是我国社会转型期制度伦理建设所要达到的目标。     

回族伦理在构建和谐宁夏中的重要价值

回族伦理在长期的发展、演变过程中,不仅秉承了伊斯兰教教义,还汲取了中国儒家文化的精华,逐渐形成了敬主顺圣、忠主忠君、团结互助、乐善好施、尊老爱幼、仁爱慈善、讲究卫生的基本伦理道德观念。在构建宁夏和谐社会的过程中,回族伦理在促进宁夏宗教和睦、民族团结、社会和谐等方面具有重要的积极意义。     

普世价值存在性论争的逻辑起点

绝大多数论者在关于普世价值存在性的讨论时,忽视了论争的逻辑起点,即普世价值与普世价值观的界分,就是说他们往往把普世价值误解为普世价值观、普世价值追求或者普世伦理,而这源于把价值误解为价值观。     

后现代思潮对现代道德教育的启示

后现代思潮是20世纪后半叶西方社会广为流行的一种哲学，文化思潮，而今，后现代思潮已经渗透到了社会科学和人文科学的诸多领域，产生了广泛的影响，现代道德教育也从中得到了积极而深刻的启示，其对理性主义的批判，对一元主义的解构，反对权威主义，主张民主对话等思想，必然引发现代道德教育理论与实践领域的广泛变革。