运用管理心理学原理提升思想工作水平

运用管理心理学原理提升思想工作水平,是开创思想工作新局面的需要。管理心理学的需要理论、激励理论、行为改变理论等在思想工作中的运用有利于促进思想工作的与时俱进。     

Why International Organizations Should Bring Basic Needs Back in

An important milestone in the development debate is the recognition of poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon via the capabilities approach. However, a challenge remains in that many governments in less-developed countries continue to avoid prioritizing issues of absolute deprivation. This paper demonstrates how and why existing efforts to operationalize capabilities may distract policy makers from giving sufficient weight to issues of basic survival. We propose that international organizations can address this challenge through a method of triangulation: (1) identify how countries rank on universal goals of human development; (2) identify how countries rank on universal goals of basic needs provision; and (3) promote participatory poverty assessments. This approach ensures that absolute deprivation issues are addressed, and it establishes an acceptable (and necessary) balance between standardization and local complexity.     

Political Business Cycle in Taiwan—Evidence from Central Government Expenditures

The political business cycle (PBC) refers to the phenomenon of an incumbent utilizing fiscal or monetary policies to create an economic boom before an election so that periodic fluctuations are induced according to election calendars. This article uses panel data from 1992 to 2010 to examine the effect of presidential elections on central government departmental expenditure in Taiwan. The results suggest an opportunistic PBC in Taiwan after the first Taiwanese presidential direct election in 1996. Furthermore, Taiwan’s government expenditure cycles have been significantly stronger in the years of the “new democracy.”     

Does Public Spending Improve Citizens’ Quality of Life? An Analysis of Municipalities’ Leisure Supply

This paper offers new evidence regarding the impact of public spending on the supply of leisure services on citizens’ spare-time quality of life. Using data from 103 Italian capital municipalities covering the period 2007–2010, the analysis revealed that public spending on leisure impacted spare-time quality of life in various ways, depending on the category of spending. Spending for tourism essentially followed an upward path, linearly enhancing citizens’ spare-time quality of life. Surprisingly, municipalities’ spending on sport- and culture-related services had a non-linear impact. Hence, spending on sports within a maximum threshold reveals a positive impact on spare-time quality of life, whereas passing over a minimum level of public spending for culture-related projects had a positive effect. This paper provides helpful suggestions for policymakers who approach decisions that address whether it is worth spending on leisure, which is typically a non-basic need but one that must be properly satisfied by municipalities in today’s service-based society.     

Government Expenditure News Shock and China’s Employment: A DSGE Perspective

This paper considers a multi-sector NK-DSGE model, then differentiates and compares the effects of news shocks and surprise shocks of non-productive government expenditure and productive government expenditure. The result shows that: (1) the effects of news shocks on employment altered with sector changes; (2) compared to surprise shocks, the effects of news shocks of government expenditure is much bigger; (3) compared to non-productive government expenditure, the effect of news shocks and surprise shocks related to productive government expenditure is much bigger. Then, this paper suggests that, the government should lead the public to form correct expectation, and construct expenditure rule based on the reality, then adjust the expenditure by following the rule. These may be helpful for labor market stabilization by using the positive effect of news shocks related to the government expenditure.     

Meeting Human Development Goals with Low Emissions : An Alternative to Emissions Caps for post-Kyoto from a Developing Country Perspective

This paper proposes a post-Kyoto scenario on commitment issues from a developing country perspective in which commitments by developing countries will be linked to human development goals as the first priority and ultimate goal, and then translated to carbon goals. Three different types of commitments are discussed with particular reference to developing country participation, including voluntary, conditional and obligatory. For low-carbon development, there should be no luxurious emissions but human development needs should not be compromised. A progressive and internationally coordinated taxation on carbon is suggested as an incentive mechanism under this approach. However, there are a few issues requiring further examination, including specification of basic needs and determination of progressive tax rates.     

供给侧改革背景下财政社会保障支出对就业影响的非对称效应 —— 基于面板门限回归模型的实证分析

国内经济增长速度下降以及人口红利逐步消减,调动生产要素的积极性是供给侧改革的核心[1],劳动是生产要素的一部分,因此合理发挥社会保障对就业的促进作用至关重要。以中国31个省1998-2014年的面板数据为样本,对东、中、西部地区进行分组回归,并以人均GDP为门槛变量,运用双重门槛模型,实证研究了财政社会保障支出对就业的非对称效应:经济发展水平越高,正向促进作用越明显。     

实施西部大开发战略与党校事业

西部党校必须以西部大开发战略的实施为背景,弄清新形势将对自己有什么要求,主动提高自己的适应能力,争取党委的支持,并在此基础上追求大发展。     

新生代农民工教育需求缺失的原因及对策

新生代农民工的教育需求是其市民化过程中的突出问题。由于政府公共文化教育职能的缺失，户籍、教育制度的不健全，城市文化等隐性社会教育环境的排斥，新生代农民工的文化教育呈缺失状态。需从思想观念的转变、构建城乡文化教育体系、发挥职业院校的作用等方面满足新生代农民工的教育需求，提高他们自身的文化素养和职业技能。