The family strategies concept: An evaluation of four empirical case studies

In this article, the preceding case studies are evaluated from the perspective of the family strategies concept. The studies have yielded new insights in the relationship between the family and the labor market and in the labor allocation within families. In addition, they have shown the tensions between individual life plans and collective needs. It has been difficult, however, to reach firm conclusions about which strategies were deployed by families. One of the problems is that the motives of the family members remain hidden. In addition, our databases need to be more finely tuned to the strategies concept. In particular, we know too little on the range of (strategic) options of families in the past.     

Does the Restrictiveness of State Tax and Expenditure Limitations Affect State Revenues and Expenditures?

This paper examines the impact of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) on state governments. We examine how TELs are represented in empirical modeling. We compare and contrast an index of state-level TEL restrictiveness to a simple dummy variable approach. We use a panel of data for the 50 U.S. states to capture changes in state TELs and a generalized method of moments (GMM) dynamic panel estimator. We find that results vary across the two methods of capturing the presence of TELs, suggesting that simple dummy variables are not sufficient to capture the heterogeneity of TELs across states and over time.     

Utility and excess: the radical sociology of Bataille and baudrillard

This paper consists of three sections. In the first in will attempt it will attempt to establish the theoretical centrality of the contrasting notions of utility and of excess in relation to their treatements within the ‘sociological mainstream’. The second section will introduce antother, radical sociological lineage extending from Nietzsche through Bataille and on to baudrillard. It will be argued that this ineage offers a more adequate approach to the analysis of the linked yet contrasting notions of utility and excess. These concepts will be approached, first, through the notion of general economy, in contrast to the theories and methods of restricted economy, particularly as it operates in the work of Bataille. The theory of Baudrillard will be situated as a treatment of the Problematic of excess in the modern age whereby utility and excess are no longer starkly and simply counterposed. Further, it will argue that Baudrillard's work reveals the importance of a radical theory of contemporary society, one which goes beyond not only restricted explanatory economies but also the notion of general economy itself. it is argued that the dominant strands of modern sociology are ocked within the methodological and theoretical structures of utility and of restricted economy and that this constitutes its fatal weakness. The specific maniestations of excess discussed are social violence, particularly sacrifice and death, transgression, ‘evil’ and the notion of ‘profitless expenditure’. The final section deals, briefly, with the theoretical and material consequences of ture'. The final section deals, briefly, with the theoretical and material consequences of the continue suppression, denial or domestication of this radical or marginal lineage.     

The Accursed Share: Bataille as Historical Thinker

Abstract

This essay addresses Georges Bataille as a historical thinker by concentrating on The Accursed Share (three volumes, 1949-54), the text Bataille took as his master-work. An amalgam of cultural criticism, anthropological and sociological research, The Accursed Share reveals Bataille's temporalised vision of his four central ideas, excess, expenditure, sovereignty and transgression. Grappling with this vision is key for understanding Bataille's oeuvre as a whole because it brings the entirety of his assessments of Western and world culture under its heading. The aim of the paper is to offer a sense, on one hand, of Bataille's dystopic heterology and, on the other hand, the unique formulation of the junctures between economics, power and morality that define him as important for the irruption of post-structural thought specifically, and indeed, the postmodern era as a whole.     

我国公共服务支出优化:理论模型与实证分析

我国最近提出的包容性增长的发展战略,要求政府的财政支出模式由生产建设型财政向公共服务型财政转变。本文用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数回归分析得出:我国公共服务财政支出与经济增长呈正相关,公共服务支出的增加能够促进经济的持续增长。文章进而通过系统动力学仿真模型对公共服务支出的经济增长效应进行政策模拟。根据模型运行结果,本文提出了以下政策建议:公共服务支出的增加是一个渐进过程,更应注重公共服务支出结构的调整,近期教育支出的增长速度应大于科技支出的增长速度。     

论公平视角下的财政支出

财政支出调节社会公平主要有直接和间接两种手段。实证分析表明:当前我国财政支持调节社会公平的这两种手段运用都不尽合理。优化我国财政支出缓解社会分配不公的对策,一是加大对直接性公平支出的投入力度,二是合理调整间接性公平支出的规模和结构。     

扭曲政绩观的心理学探析

政绩观是领导干部创造政绩的思想基础，它潜在地决定着领导干部的政绩行为。扭曲政绩观表现为谋一时之利、谋局部之利、谋个人私利、谋GDP片面增长、谋无过便是功，它给党和国家带来极大的危害。本文从心理学的视角分析了扭曲政绩观形成的机制，认为政绩需要、政绩诱因、政绩观预期和评价、政绩行为相互作用导致了扭曲政绩观的产生和深化。为此，亦从心理学的角度提出纠正扭曲政绩观的对策：完善领导干部考评、任用机制，净化诱因环境；加强教育，合理疏导政绩需要；健全监督和奖惩制度，强化良好政绩行为。     

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL FOR JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING IN CONTINUING RESTRAINING ORDERS

Probate and family court judges are increasingly called upon to make rapid decisions regarding the continuance of restraining orders. These decisions are often made without the benefit of adequate background information or an awareness of which psychological and behavioral factors are most relevant. This action‐oriented research project develops a model that brings psychosocial factors to consideration for judges making decisions regarding the continuance of restraining orders. While further evaluation of the model is needed, the project's unique methodology highlights the value of interdisciplinary collaboration, multiple methods of inquiry, and the consideration of real‐world needs and constraints in developing decision‐making tools.     

关于基层警务建设中公权力扩张的思考

当前，公安机关基层警务建设回应了社会变革中人们对安全的强烈需求，是公权力向居民生活领域的扩张。公权力介入与基层民众自治之间应该是以满足社会基本需求为目的的一种动态平衡。从长远来看，培植民众治安自治力量才是解决基层社会安全问题的理想选择。