论公共教育支出制度的创新——经费制度与凭证制度的比较分析

文章从制度经济学的视角,时教育凭证制度的运行进行比较分析,以找到经费制度与凭证制度在内容、主体角色、行为特征和制度绩效等方面的异同,为教育凭证制度提供支持性证据.     

利益在政策制定中的影响作用

利益和政策是密不可分的。利益是政策产生的前提和基础 ,政策则以利益的调整和实现为内容。要自觉发挥利益在政策制定中的作用 ,承认人的利益存在的客观性 ;必须代表最广大人民群众的利益 ;必须发扬民主、实事求是 ;必须建立合理有效的政策反馈机制和评价机制。使政策能够不断适应变化着的利益需求和利益关系。     

Creativity in Court‐Connected Mediation: Myth or Reality?

In this study, we examined creativity in court‐connected mediation. We analyzed 129 mediated agreements from civil cases in Norway and Denmark and compared the outcomes with the parties' original claims to determine whether the agreement addressed only the disputants' demands or contained other elements. If the mediated agreements contained elements in addition to the original claims, we considered them to be “creative.” We devised a creativity scale and found that approximately two thirds of the cases contained creative elements and one quarter of them contained more than five creative elements. We then sought to determine which aspects of the mediation promoted creativity by looking at a variety of mediation characteristics (length of mediation, characteristics of the parties, etc.). We found that lengthier mediations tended to feature more creativity as did cases that involved two private individuals rather than businesses. Cases whose issues involved inheritance as well as the division of property following divorce seemed to foster the highest levels of creativity. Finally, we found that the amount of money at issue also seemed to be relevant: the highest levels of creativity were found in cases in which more money was at stake. In this article, we also discuss the implications of our findings for future research, practice, and training.     

Client Orientation as a Form of Spiritual Needs of Personnel in Labor

The paper considers some grounds of the inside organization marketing concept as a management system that is aimed at meeting the needs of the company＇s personnel in labor. These needs are based on three levels [physiological （highest）, social （middle）, and spiritual （lowest）] and each level has its own revolutionizing forms of the development of needs in labor （abstract, wants, and demand）. Having analyzed a great deal of research materials concerning employees＇ motivation at Russian enterprises, a native higher educational establishment Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin was one of them, it can be concluded that this research does not reflect an estimation degree of meeting employees＇ needs in labor. Moreover, there is no motivation of client orientation in them that is considered as a form of spiritual needs of employees in labor. The essence of this form is determined by some objective and subjective factors.     

A comprehensive model for the evaluation of standard expenditure needs and standard level of local services

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the problem of the simultaneous evaluation of local governments’ standard expenditure needs together with the related level of standard public services proposing a new approach to fiscal equalisation based on quantitative methods. Standard expenditure needs are estimated using quantile regression, moreover robust non-parametric methods are employed for the computation of composite indicators of demand and supply factors. Data from English local authorities over the period 1997–2006 have been used to test the internal and external validity of the model.     

The Special Needs of Victims of Torture or Serious Violence: A Qualitative Research in EU

Abstract

In recent years ongoing wars and serious violations of human rights have driven increasing numbers of people away from their homes, especially in the Middle East and Africa to countries in the European Union to seek asylum. It is estimated that between 5% and 35% of these asylum-seekers and refugees have suffered from torture or serious violence. Studies and practice have shown that an appropriate response to the special needs of victims of torture or serious violence contribute to reduce survivors’ suffering and provide properly international protection. EU legislation recognizes that such vulnerable individuals have special needs, but few of these needs have already been identified and recognized as such. This article reports on a qualitative study carried out in six EU countries - France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta and Portugal - to explore the special needs of victims of torture or serious violence who present among asylum-seekers, during the asylum request procedure, in reception, and throughout rehabilitation and social integration. The study aims to release into the academic community the results of a large policy and practice-oriented study.     

在"组织起来,切实维权"中做好工会经费审查监督工作

工会经费审查工作不仅仅是工会工作的重要组成部分,而且是完成工会系列工作的前提准备."组织起来,切实维权"既为工会经审工作向前推进提供了机遇,更对工会经审工作的作用发挥提出了要求.工会经审工作必须提高质量,实现工作创新.     

浅析农村社区文化建设——以农民文化需求为视角

农村社区文化建设是农村社区公共服务建设的有机组成部分,也是构建农村和谐社会的内在要求。从农民需求出发,是农村社区文化建设的前提。本文从农村社区以及农村社区文化建设入手,分析了农村文化建设为什么要以农民的需求为出发点,以及针对农民的精神文化需求提出了农村社区文化建设的具体措施。     

我国地方政府公共财政支出结构偏向分析——基于晋升锦标赛的理论视角

晋升锦标赛制度激发了地方政府官员发展经济的积极性。然而,晋升锦标赛的激励导向与公共财政的合理支出结构之间有内在矛盾。由于与官员晋升指标的弱相关性,基本公共服务财政支出长期低于社会需求水平,降低了社会福利。因此,必须通过一些措施、机制等,降低晋升锦标赛的强激励,促进公共财政支出结构的优化。