风险社会中安全需求的变化及其对公安工作的影响

转型中的中国由于巨大的社会变迁,正进入一个"风险社会",甚至可能进入高风险社会,各种非传统安全威胁因素不断增加,社会公共安全问题突出,社会对安全需求的种类和数量快速增长。在新形势下,公安工作需要适时转变工作重点和服务目标,有针对性地对风险社会出现的各种安全问题进行有效治理。     

When Honor Trumps Basic Needs: The Role of Honor in Deadly Disputes within Israel's Arab Community

This article draws on the existing literature, interviews, and case study analysis to highlight the primacy of honor needs above health and safety needs in the context of honor killings and blood feuds among Israel's Arab community, including Muslims, Christians, and Druze. Assuming that individuals in conflict situations will generally act to satisfy more basic needs before they act to satisfy less basic needs, this article examines conflict contexts in which disputants perceive their honor to be a higher priority than their health and safety, and consequently, they tend to act accordingly to satisfy their perceived honor needs first, often ignoring obvious health and safety‐related needs. Such insights could have important implications for scholars and dispute resolution practitioners studying and working within these conflict contexts.     

强制性支出责任与地方财政自主权

《宪法》和《预算法》赋予了地方政府一定的财政自主权。以此为基础,地方政府通过调整支出结构、提高支出效率,为地方居民提供符合本行政区域实际情况的公共品与服务,并调控经济运行状况。分税制改革减少了地方的财政自主权,从而导致地方支出效率的降低。法律和中央政府为地方政府设定强制性支出责任,旨在遏制因地方支出效率降低产生的公共支出结构扭曲和区域间支出水平差异等状况。但是,强制性支出责任在客观上却进一步降低了地方的财政自主权,从而陷入新的恶性循环。赋予地方政府充分的财政自主权,是优化地方支出结构、提高地方支出效率的基础性制度依赖;强制性支出责任仅具有辅助性功能。两者不能本末倒置。     

学生事务领导观

公立高等学校受日益增多的社会期望的驱使,使组织结构的复杂性增加、行政经费增长;具有可比性的院校在发展过程中表现出结构与功能方面的趋同特征。     

生殖健康领域的社会性别需求分析--基于社会性别需求分析框架及计划生育优质服务项目县的调查

本文基于伦敦大学发展研究部修正的社会性别需求理论,利用典型组专题讨论方法,分别从服务提供层角度和服务对象角度调查了服务对象在生殖健康领域的社会性别需求,包括现实性社会性别需求和战略性社会性别需求,分析了两种角度下服务对象的社会性别需求在本质上的一致性,提出应将两者结合起来全面考察服务对象在生殖健康领域的社会性别需求,并将该思路体现在计划生育优质服务工作中。     

“And focused upon victims’ needs”: towards an assessment of the victim-friendly principles of restorative justice practice

Scholars and policy-makers typically laud restorative justice as being ‘victim-friendly’ in its rules and practices. High levels of victim satisfaction with its outcomes are put forward to substantiate this claim. However, there has been little research that engages with the constitutive role of restorative justice in shaping conceptions of identities, practices and needs. To address this gap, this article develops an analytic framework through which to assess the victim-friendly approach of restorative justice processes across social and legal contexts. In so doing, it engages with three key elements of restorative justice processes: firstly, how this justice approach conceives victims; secondly, how it shapes its practices (and not just outcomes) to address their concerns; and thirdly, how it responds to individual needs. The paper argues that engagement with the constitutive processes can bring a fresh perspective to the relationship between victims and restorative justice.     

试论绩效预算改革的战略规划基础

传统控制导向的预算制度由于缺乏战略视角而陷于支离破碎,绩效预算制度通过引入战略规划因素,将政策、规划和预算有机地结合起来。绩效预算制度要求政府机构在提出预算需求时必须根据本组织的战略计划(或中长程计划),明确列出组织的中长程目标、策略、预期的产出或成果,绩效评估的标准,以及前一年的绩效评估结果。战略规划的成功制定能够帮助公共机构厘清组织的计划优先权,并能够基于一种对共享目标的追求而协调机构成员的行为。这一战略视角在中期支出框架中得到了直接的体现。     

浅谈刑事诉讼法中被害人保护法律规定的完善

完善刑事诉讼法中被害人保护的法律规定,应当在程序价值层面的结果公正和程序公正的指导下,以被害人应对的需要为客观基础,充分考虑被害人对程序结果公正和程序公正的要求,从而使被害人保护的法律规定更加科学合理,更好地适应保护被害人权益的需要。     

Childhood:

The author begins by describing various terms that are used in discussion of addictive disorders and how they relate to one another. The tern "intrapsychic addiction" is proposed as describing the substrate ef the externally manifested addictions (chemical dependency, compulsive gambling, eating, overwork, etc.). The author then reviews the physical, psychoIogical and social factors which predispose children to addiction. A model relating these various factors to one another is presented.     

Local Governments’ Responses to Revenue Changes: The Effects of Unreserved General Fund Balances

ABSTRACT

Volatile revenues affect the quality and consistency of municipal service provision. This article investigates how cities use unreserved general fund balances to mitigate annual expenditure fluctuations when confronted with volatile revenues. Based on the analysis of a panel dataset of over two thousand American cities from 2003 to 2011, the fixed-effects regression results suggest that unreserved general fund balances reduce municipal expenditure fluctuations on a year-to-year basis. The expenditure-smoothing effects were more pronounced when municipal governments experienced large revenue changes. Results are robust when excluding large cities, using different cutting-points to define ‘moderate’ or ‘large’ revenue changes, and in recession and non-recession years. This article contributes to the local expenditure stabilization literature by recognizing the unreserved general fund balances’ expenditure-smoothing effects during ‘non-rainy days.’ It adds empirical evidence to the organizational theory that financial slack works as a crucial buffer against external changes and provides managerial discretion to local administrators.