Introduction to special issue: contradictory interests of offspring and parents, 1500–2000

Conflicts between parents and offspring at home are not a popular issue, at least not in the field of the history of the family. Nevertheless do they occur and it might be rewarding to study these phenomena, although historical sources are scarce. They can be an expression of more general social tensions and they might provoke social changes. This Special Issue presents four contributions in which the central focus is about tensions between parents and grown-up offspring that is still at home. Three topics will be dealt with: marriage, earnings of children working elsewhere, and the threat of leaving home. Factors that seem to affect the balance of interests between parents and offspring include parental power, family needs, public authority and interests taken by children in the outside world.     

How do psychiatric patients on prison healthcare centres differ from inpatients in secure psychiatric inpatient units?

Abstract

Mentally ill prisoners have consistently been highlighted as a group with complex needs. However, it is not clear what these needs are, how effective prison health services are in meeting the needs of this vulnerable group, and whether there would be any benefit to transferring them to psychiatric facilities. This study compared the characteristics and needs of mentally ill patients in prison healthcare centres (HCC prisoners) with patients in forensic medium secure psychiatric units (MSU inpatients) in the UK. HCC prisoners and MSU inpatients were in fact very similar. Where they did differ, though, was that MSU inpatients were significantly more likely to be of non-white ethnicity, diagnosed with psychotic or substance use disorders, and have recorded histories of drug misuse. HCC prisoners and MSU inpatients reported the same number of needs overall, according to the CANFOR-S (Camberwell Assessment of Need Forensic Short Version), but HCC prisoners reported significantly higher levels of unmet need. The need for transfer to alternative services was common in both groups, with bottlenecks evident at all levels. The high level of unmet need reported in the HCC prison sample is of particular clinical concern and highlights the need for improved assessment and treatment services in this setting.     

夫妻共同债务的例外规则:以法国法为参照

我国的夫妻共同债务制度最初由司法解释所确立。2003年《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(二)》以"婚姻关系存续期间"作为判断夫妻共同债务的依据引发普遍争议;2018年《最高人民法院关于审理涉及夫妻债务纠纷案件适用法律有关问题的解释》试图对此进行矫正,确立了关于"家庭日常生活需要"及"共债共签"的规则等。2020年《中华人民共和国民法典》将后者整体纳入其中。在夫妻共同债务制度的司法适用过程中,应防止过度强调债权人保护、扩大连带责任适用的倾向。为此,可借鉴法国法的相关经验,以"家庭日常生活需要"为核心,将夫妻共同债务的适用范围主要限于家庭日常生活的消费性债务,而排除对外担保、大额举债或投资行为等引发的经营性债务。另外,还应通过司法解释和指导性案例,确立财产混同的处理规则、恶意情形排除适用规则等,确保相关当事人利益的保护。     

Domestic Violence in Hispanics in the Southeastern United States: A Survey and Needs Analysis

Violence is a significant health issue for Latinas in the United States (US), with 54.9% reporting violent victimization. However, little is known about battering among Hispanic women in the southeast. The southeastern corridor, a rural area in search of cheap labor, is a magnet for undocumented agricultural workers. The purpose of this study was to describe domestic violence in Hispanic/Latino women in the southeastern US, including type and frequency of violence experienced, barriers to obtaining treatment, and services needed by women who have been abused. Hispanic women completed questionnaires developed from information from focus groups. Results indicate that domestic violence is a major health problem for women in the southeast, and document previous findings as well as offer new insights about Hispanic women who have experienced domestic violence. Implications are discussed in terms of the need for community partnerships and interventions, as well as routine screening and crisis intervention.     

论权利与义务的经济分析

权利是利益通过社会转化而成的资源,具有经济学中商品所具有的一般性质;义务是权利主体所付出的成本;权利和义务都能够实现在全社会范围内的分配。二者均具有某种利益的冲突性。     

论以人为本的学生管理新理念

要做好新时期学生的思想政治工作，就要牢固树立以人为本的理念。分层教学中的思想政治工作要以人为本，就是要尊重学生的主体性、能动性和多样性，在具体工作中要贴近学生生活、倾听学生呼声、了解学生要求、关心学生疾苦，把好事办实，把实事办好，要以学生满不满意、喜不喜欢、接不接受作为思想政治工作是否收到了实效的唯一标准。对学生单纯的惩罚或单纯的科学技术教育，都不能促进学生的全面可持续发展，因此，要建立适应学生需要的人文教育理论，实现对学生的社会化和完整人格的塑造。     

‘Social Services will not touch us with a barge pole’: social care provision for older prisoners

Older prisoners are the fastest growing subgroup in the English and Welsh prison estate. Older prisoners have high levels of health and social care needs. This mixed-method study involved the distribution of a questionnaire examining the availability of health and social care services for older prisoners to all prisons housing adult males in England and Wales, followed by qualitative telephone interviews with representatives from eight prisons. Over half of establishments had some contact with external social care services, but reported significant difficulties in arranging the care for individuals. A professional lead for older prisoners had been identified in 81% of establishments; however, the value of this role to positively affect practice appeared questionable. Statutory social care was often non-existent in prison due to the lack of understanding of what it constituted and who was responsible for its provision.     

马克思主义需要理论在大众化进程中的作用

通过关注人的物质需要、精神需要、发展需要以及需要的不同层次,逐步解决马克思主义大众化过程中不同群体对主流价值的认同与信仰问题,是实现马克思主义大众化的根本所在。     

Social welfare needs of residents in polluted areas: A case of Dioxin pollution in southern Taiwan

This article defines the social welfare needs of residents living in a severely polluted community by examining a set of communities around the An‐shun plant in southern Taiwan that were polluted by dioxin. The study examines the inhabitants' economic status, the communities' manpower utilization, and the prevention of social contingencies and the provision of aftercare. A survey conducted between March–April 2008 revealed the need to reduce poverty in these highly polluted communities, to identify and maximize each community's human resources, to address illness, aging, pollution, and lack of professional skills, and to better inform residents about pollution so that they can understand how to protect themselves. The article concludes with suggested programs to meet the social welfare needs of residents in a highly polluted community. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用马斯洛需要层次论对传销组织精神控制的分析及对策

美国著名的人本主义心理学家马斯洛认为,人的一切行为都是由需要引起的,同时人类的需要也是分层次的,从低到高依次为生理的需要、安全的需要、爱与归属的需要、尊重的需要和自我实现的需要。我们就是用这个理论来分析传销组织是如何对发展对象采用"精神控制",利用其个体存在的浮躁心态,性格弱点和缺乏法制观念等因素使其经历心理排斥,饱和及相融等阶段后发生恶变,由受骗者转变为施骗者;同时利用其提供的理论依据对传销违法犯罪人员进行矫治,心理关助,认知干预和帮助救助等措施使之转化,寻找使其清醒的办法。