Assessing the Needs of Women Recently Released From Prison

The growing number of females incarcerated in the United States suggests that greater importance needs to be placed on preparing practitioners and communities for their eventual release from prison. Female offenders present a unique set of needs, including greater mental health, substance abuse, and medical health problems than their male counterparts. Furthermore, women may possess unique needs at various points of their involvement with the criminal justice system (i.e., before, during, and following a period of incarceration). The current study examines the needs of female offenders while they are reentering the community from the perspective of community service providers who work directly with recently incarcerated women. Survey results reveal that community service providers identify needs in 7 domains. Prevalence and urgency measures provide unique profiles of the needs of female offenders, and respondent reports of the effectiveness of the existing community-based service sector lead to numerous implications and suggestions for future research.     

Demographic and abuse characteristics in adolescent male sexual offenders with “special needs”

Adolescent sexual offenders with “special needs” are thought to pose different challenges for therapists working clinically. However, this population has received little attention in the literature, with the research in this area very limited. This study looked at the demographic and abuse characteristics of 24 adolescent sexual offenders with “special needs” who were compared with a group of 155 male adolescent sexual offenders with no special needs. Significant differences were found between the two groups. Those with special needs had higher levels of all forms of abuse, and differences were also found on some sub-scales of the Child Behaviour Checklist. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.     

Effects of Service Characteristics on Interlocal Cooperation in U.S. Cities: A Pooled Regression Analysis

Drawing on the theoretical framework of transaction cost theory and social exchange theory, this study empirically examines factors affecting the likelihood and the level of interlocal expenditure for 11 service types in a panel of 695 American cities, with populations over 20,000, during the time period of 1990–2000. The findings indicate that elements of transaction costs risks (asset specificity and measurement difficulty) affect both the likelihood and the level of interlocal cooperation. It also shows that the level of trust does the same. However, it suggests that the perceived transaction risks may vary depending on factors affecting local managers' perception of transaction risks. This will further affect the likelihood and the level of interlocal cooperation.     

公共管理类创新人才培养与社会需求的和谐发展路径

创新型国家的建立离不开创新型公共管理人才的支持。我国高校的公共管理类人才培养体制近年来成长迅速,但仍处于探索阶段,与社会需求有一个动态渐进的和谐过程。本文在问卷调查的基础上,从社会需求主体的吸纳意愿、供给主体的从业发展意愿等角度分析了公共管理类人才的培养现状及社会适应性问题,并从社会人才需求和高校人才培养等角度,对高校人才培养和社会人才需求不和谐现象的原因进行了分析,提出了能够与社会需求和谐发展的公共管理类创新人才的培养路径。     

关于加强政府财政支出管理以提升政府生产力的探讨

不断变化的行政环境会对政府提出各种不同的要求,不断发展的社会经济对政府生产力提出更高的要求。即政府能用最少的资源投入生产出尽可能多的公共产品或公共服务以更好地满足公众的需要。本文从财政支出管理角度分析,探讨要达到提升政府生产力的目的,政府在财政支出方面应当尽可能地做出努力。     

我国城镇居民的消费结构实证分析

利用扩展线性支出系统对中国城镇居民的消费结构进行实证分析 ,发现总体消费水平提高困难 ,居民消费已转向设备的更新换代和一些高档耐用品。要刺激消费必须努力提高城镇居民的收入水平 ,加快完善社会保障制度 ,完善消费信贷。     

蓬勃发展的中国经济法学

伴随着改革开放的步伐,经过近30年的奋斗,新兴的经济法和经济法学,正处于蓬勃发展之中。蓬勃发展的中国经济法学是应运而生、与时俱进、丰富多彩、和而不同、任重道远。2008年是中国改革开放30周年,也是中国经济法、经济法学兴起和发展的30周年。中国经济法学的蓬勃发展有利于推进新兴经济法的发展,对建设社会主义法治国家有重要意义。     

制定旅游基本法之法理求证

立法需求来自于现实需要。我国旅游业的迅猛发展及国际旅游交往的频繁使得旅游基本法成为现实之需求。旅游基本法缺位我国旅游法律体系的根本缺陷;入世承诺制定旅游基本法的客观要求;制定旅游基本法旅游立法内在规律的必然要求。     

论二战时期日本战时军费筹集机制

全面侵华战争爆发后,日本沿用近代以来建立的战时军费筹集体制为侵略战争提供财政支持,形成以临时军事费特别会计为核心的战时军费筹集机制。其主要财源为租税收入、公债收入以及向占领区借款。太平洋战争之前,战时军费筹集主要依靠日本国内金融机构发行公债;太平洋战争爆发后,战时军费筹集的主要财源开始转向对占领区的掠夺。     

Economic growth and military spending in South Africa

This study applies a statistical model to examine the overtime relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in South Africa. The model is based on a neoclassical production function, and is developed and estimated for the time period 1950 to 1985. The results indicate that the size effects of military expenditure on economic growth are negative, while the externality effects of military spending are positive. In addition, decreasing foreign investment and increasing domestic unrest are found to have negative impacts on GDP growth. Labor employment is positively related to growth, but non‐white labor is more strongly significant than white labor. These results are consistent with previous cross‐section studies that find some evidence for positive and negative effects of military spending on economic growth.