整体治理背景下的法国地方财政制度改革

法国政府在整体治理的大背景下,进行了地方财政制度改革。通过开源节流、强化对地方公共开支的控制,动态评估地方直接税(主要是地产税)的税基、使之更为客观真实反映土地价值,完整补偿取消职业税的代价、保障地方政府事权与财权相一致,限制在同一税基之上的税收重叠、明确各级地方政府的主体税种。法国地方财政制度改革从较为微观的地方税制调整入手,以宪法和法律为根本保障推动地方财政自治,同时进行地方政府组织结构和政府职能等综合配套改革。对法国地方财政制度改革的得失进行检讨和总结,对于完善我国地方财政制度,推进地方财政自主法制保障建设具有一定的借鉴和参考意义。     

一起非医学需要鉴定胎儿性别及终止妊娠手术案引发的思考

笔者通过对一起非医学需要鉴定胎儿性别及终止妊娠手术案件的评析,提出在卫生行政处罚案件的处理过程中涉及到多个行政执法部门、多部法律竞合的问题并阐述了自己的看法,旨在探讨通过部门联动、无缝隙的行刑对接,对各种形式的非法行医行为进行严厉的打击,维护法律的尊严。     

Sexual offenders with serious mental illness: prevention, risk, and clinical concerns

Individuals with serious and persistent mental illness who have also engaged in illegal sexual behavior present a unique challenge for our legal and clinical systems. Frequently, these individuals may engage in problematic sexual behaviors which result in hospitalization rather than incarceration, and an overburdened and resource-deficient public community mental health system is ill-equipped to address the seriousness of these sexual behaviors. We have a rather limited understanding of how prevention programs, intervention strategies, and risk assessment would work with this population. Here we evaluate data from a sample of 245 inpatient psychiatric sexual offenders in a forensic mental health setting and compare these with what information has already been presented in some of the literature. Through an examination of seriously mentally ill sexual offenders and their clinical presentation, legal history, and risk management concerns, we illustrate a variety of tertiary prevention needs. Future directions in the area of prevention and risk management for seriously mentally ill sexual offenders are also discussed.     

Die Ausgaben der Schweizer Kantone ‐ Eine Fuzzy Set QCA

The paper investigates the factors influencing the 26 Swiss Cantons' government expenditures. While the question has been subject to various statistical analyses, the present study has an alternative focus by adopting a configurative perspective. We take the findings of the 2002‐study by Vatter and Freitag, as our point of departure and re‐analyse their significant variables with regard to their combined impact using updated data from 2000 to 2006 and employing Fuzzy Set QCA. The results underline the important effect of monetary transfers from the federation thus corroborating the Flypaper Effect thesis from Economic Theory.     

中国行政成本的演变特征及其驱动因素分析(2000-2009)

本文在分析2000～2009年中国行政成本演变特征的基础上,采用灰色关联分析法计算了行政成本与其19个驱动因素之间的关联度。实证结果表明,近年来,中国行政成本一直呈现增长的态势,外部驱动因素和内部驱动因素对于中国行政成本增长几乎同等重要。外部驱动因素中,国民经济增长和人民生活水平提高对中国行政成本增长的影响相对较强,人口增长和物价上涨的影响相对较弱。内部驱动因素中,财政收入增长对中国行政成本增长的影响相对较强,其次是政府职能扩张和人员费用增长,公用费用增长对中国行政成本增长的影响相对较弱。在此基础上,本文提出了行政成本合理化的相关建议。     

公共教育财政支出与地方经济发展

借助VAR模型,利用C市1979-2009年的教育支出与经济增长数据进行实证研究,发现当期的教育投资的经济增长弹性为0.5451。运用协整检验和格兰杰因果检验对C市的教育支出和实际经济增长之间的内在关系进行实证分析,结果表明教育投资与实际经济增长之间存在着明显的互馈关系,并在长期内稳定地存在着协同互动的均衡关系。     

社会创新过程及其面临的局限

识别社会需求、解决社会问题是社会创新过程中的一个重要环节,同时也是社会创新过程面临的陷阱和局限所在。结合社区发展规划的案例以及社会需求和问题表现特征的分析发现,在需求和问题分析过程中,问题标准的不恰当性、问题主体参与不足、忽视需求和问题原因表现出的二重性、参与主体的缺失等会导致社会需求识别出现偏差,同时这些偏差将进一步影响社会创新的低效,以及易使社会创新方案局限在项目的操作层次。     

政府采购物业管理服务创新研究

物业管理服务是由物业服务企业提供的对房屋及配套的设施设备和相关场地进行的维修、养护、管理,维护相关区域内的环境卫生和秩序的活动。随着政府后勤服务的改革,物业管理服务愈来愈被政府机构所认可;伴随着政府采购的深入,物业管理服务也被纳入政府采购之列。全面采购"常规性公共服务",根据需要区别采购物业企业的特约性服务及市场经营性服务,有选择性地采购公众性代办性服务,对于政府资源配置市场化和提高政府财政资金使用效率具有深远的实践意义。     

英国外警培训工作的特点及启示

英国外警培训工作在培训模式、课程设置、培训管理、师资来源、质量保障体系建设等方面特色鲜明,是影响国际警察培训发展的一支重要力量。结合我国外警培训工作发展现状,应该在培训理念、授课方式、课程内容、师资队伍、后勤服务等方面加大改革力度,以实现我国外警培训工作由规模数量型向规模质量型转变。     

Management Strategies When Working with Female Prisoners

Abstract

Scholars and practitioners have noted the potential for using understanding and language about the unique needs of women offenders to justify special controls over them in the prison setting. Using data from a national study of innovative management and programming strategies among correctional administrators, the present research examines management approaches needed for women, with a focus on the degree to which some administrators use stereotypes and/or perceived needs of women offenders in their rationale for choosing particular management strategies. Approximately 80 percent of the respondents reported that there is a need to use different management techniques for male and female prisoners. About half of these respondents noted that these differing management techniques are related to interpersonal skills and communication followed by programming needs and differences in general needs.