食品监管渎职罪探析

食品是人类生活的基本需求之一。民以食为天,而食又以安为先。近些年来,我国食品安全事件频发,违法犯罪猖獗,《刑法》保护不力。为此,《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》第49条增设食品监管渎职罪,以严厉打击食品领域的渎职行为,强化国家的监管责任。本文就食品监管渎职罪增设的必要性、法条的解读以及与相关罪名的区分进行探析,以期能对司法实践有所裨益。     

制售伪劣商品犯罪之死刑究问

制售伪劣商品犯罪毕竞属于非暴力犯罪,不应过分凸显死刑在防治这类犯罪过程中的功能与作用。可以通过司法或立法举措剥离两种制售伪劣商品犯罪的死刑,使原本符合其死刑适用条件之情形转以相关危害公共安全犯罪来论处,从而在避免造成社会震荡之前提下,架空甚至即行废止其死刑。     

涉地沟油犯罪的规定解读及相关问题研究——以“两高一部”《关于依法严惩“地沟油”犯罪活动的通知》为视角

2012年针对地沟油加工、销售愈演愈烈的形势,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部出台了《关于依法严惩"地沟油"犯罪活动的通知》。但该《通知》的规定只作为一种参考提供给公检法部门,它本身不具备刑法的强制力。因此,有必要在立法上对涉地沟油犯罪作出系统的规定,给今后办理地沟油类犯罪案件提供明确的指引。     

检察机关食品公益诉讼探讨

2011年《民事诉讼法(修改稿)》草案审议时,许多学者提出了食品公益诉讼的概念,使公益诉讼再次成为热议的焦点。就司法实务而言,重要的不是讨论食品公益诉讼的必要性和可行性,而是探究食品安全公共利益在法律上的具体诉求,以及如何满足其诉求。本文以检察机关提起食品公益诉讼为例,借用经济学上外部性理论,从公益诉讼的保护对象入手,分析食品公益诉讼的客体及其请求权基础,并结合诉讼法的基本命题,论证食品公益诉讼的诉讼请求、损失的计算以及举证责任等问题,进而划分公益诉讼与行政权、私权在诉讼法上的衔接界线。     

食品安全犯罪立法修正之评析及其再完善——以《刑法修正案(八)》为样本

《刑法修正案(八)》一方面对食品安全犯罪的犯罪对象、罚金刑、自由刑进行了修改,另一方面,增加犯罪情节要件和增设食品监管渎职罪,从而加大了对食品安全犯罪的惩处力度,使得刑法对食品安全的保护更为严密和全面。我国当前的食品安全形势、原有食品安全犯罪之规定存在的不足以及监管对食品安全的重要性,决定了本次食品安全犯罪立法修正的合理性。在司法中,需要对食品安全标准、罚金刑数额及其计算标准和食品安全犯罪情节进行重新解释。同时,考虑到食品安全犯罪危害的特点和国外相关立法例,应从增设行为犯、过失犯和资格刑等方面进一步完善我国的食品安全犯罪立法。     

中俄刑法典有关危害食品安全犯罪的规定之比较

中俄两国刑法典有关危害食品安全犯罪的规定在构成要件、犯罪既遂标准以及处罚等方面有所不同,两国刑法典有关危害食品安全犯罪的规定各具特色。俄罗斯刑法典将该类犯罪归类于危害公共安全类犯罪的做法值得我国借鉴;其规制行为内容多、规制目标广的做法更有利于对消费者合法权益的保护;其量刑情节设置具体、细腻的做法也有参考价值;罚金刑的设置方式也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Tracing and periodizing China's food safety regulation: A study on China's food safety regime change

How has China's food safety administrative system changed since it was founded in 1949? How can we periodize the process of this historical transformation in terms of regulators, regulatees, and regulatory tools? This review article offers an analytical framework that distinguishes three regimes in the history of China's food safety governance: an old regime of command and control (1949–1977), an intermediate regime of mixed instruments (1978–1992), and a new regime of regulatory governance (1993–ongoing). In the article the regimes' features, advantages, disadvantages, and development tracks are discussed, and the groundwork is laid for an analysis of China's emerging regulatory state. Finally, a new notion of “transitional regulatory state” is used to define the current Chinese regulatory state based on its food safety regulation.     

The land grab and corporate food regime restructuring

Land grab appears to be a phenomenal expression of deepening contradictions in the corporate food regime. In particular, the end of cheap food (signaled in the 2008 ‘food crisis’) has generated renewed interest in agriculture for development on the part of the development industry, matched by a rising interest in offshore land investments, driven by governments securing food and fuel exports and financiers speculating on commodity futures and land price inflation. This paper interprets these developments as illusory solutions to a fundamental accumulation crisis of the neoliberal project. While this new (and final?) enclosure registers a restructuring of the food regime, as its geopolitical relations and productive content re-centers on Southern land and an emergent bioeconomic imperative, it is likely to only buy time (and space) in the short run for political and economic elites and a global consuming class. In the longer run, the attempt to resolve food regime contradictions by a spatial fix may well be catastrophic.     

食品安全谣言群体性侵权之民事救济研究--以微博谣言为例

食品安全谣言侵权具有与其他大规模侵权案件相似的特性,民事实体救济方式自身的优越性也使得食品安全谣言侵权损害赔偿问题能够得到有效解决。同时,如果将民事救济与我国大规模侵权案件的诉讼方式与国外集体诉讼制度相结合,能够解决此类案件的程序难题。最终形成在此类案件的解决中采用公益诉讼,并建议由政府设立基金对赔偿不足的部分进行补充的解决方式。     

Agricultural trade within Northeast Asia： The prospects from Japan

The recent expansion of agricultural exports from China to Japan and Korea has marked one of the greatest changes in agricultural trade within Northeast Asia in the past few decades. Recently, China＇s influence in Northeast Asia as a major food consumer, not only as a food supplier, is spreading as well. In this paper, the issue of establishing collaborative relationships in agricultural trade among Northeast Asian countries is discussed from the following four viewpoints： factor analysis on agricultural export, the dynamic changes in the food system, the consensus building within the system of international trade, and the formation of a food industry cluster. It concludes that, it is necessary not only for agricultural economists to take the aspects of the region, the food chain, consensus building and industrial clusters into their research on international agricultural trade, but also for policymakers to have a similar perspective on the formation of a system for agricultural trade in order to obtain benefits from it.