生产销售食品犯罪几个疑难问题的认定——不卫生食品与有毒、有害食品罪名认定

不符合卫生标准的食品是指不符合《食品安全法》规定的食品卫生及安全标准的食品,它包括两层含义：一是这些食品的原料是食品原料,而不能是掺入的非食品原料;二是该食品是不符合卫生标准的食品。有毒、有害食品是指掺入了有毒、有害的非食品原料的食品。区分两种生产销售食品犯罪的根本在于两个：一是毒源不同,二是掺入方式不同。     

Further improvement on the regulation of food safety in China

Market mechanisms in food safety management can not fully play its role, together with food producers, processors, distributors and other stakeholders＇ breach of competition rules, so food safety management must rely on government regulation. But at this stage, government regulation of food safety in China is not perfect, vicious food safety incidents that continuously occur seriously endanger lives of people, reduce the credibility of government functions and hinder the stable development of social harmony. Therefore, improving the food safety laws and the food safety regulatory system, establishing food safety credit system and expanding social participation of food safety supervision mechanism are the top priority of the government to regulate food safety.     

粮食安全的经济属性与成本补偿模型分析

一般的粮食具有私人物品属性。粮食安全的经济属性为准公共物品。模型分析表明,为保障国家经济安全所提供的粮食是市场失灵的领域,需要政府“埋单”。然而,在正常情况下,豉府和市场在粮食安全活动中应互为补充,有机耦合。     

Globalized economies or globalized bodies？ The economical and cultural factors of obesity in China

This paper is a review of the literature that examines obesity in China. Multiple factors that contribute to this phenomenon are investigated, such as globalization, urbanization and cultural changes. Most of the researches reviewed in this paper concern urban, coastal populations of China. Obesity is defined differently for Asian populations; thus, diagnosis has been underestimated in the past. As China＇s economy develops, the country may now be gaining western problems, such as obesity. Obesity is related to economical causes as China participates in international business and trade. Furthermore, the role of the globalized food industry is reviewed. More western food companies and restaurants have infiltrated Chinese cities, causing mass changes in the traditional Chinese diet. Likewise, employment is a significant factor examined since more occupations in Chinese cities have transitioned to the service sector. Cultural attitudes differ from those of the West in which the Chinese view heavier bodies as healthier than thinner figures. Interventions that have been attempted are reviewed.     

Dining with Sam Orr: Nation Review and the Restaurant Reviews of Richard Beckett

In Australia in the 1970s, restaurant dining became a popular middle-class pastime, and restaurant criticism began to play an important role in the shaping of Australian tastes. Richard Beckett was one of the most prolific Australian food writers of the 1970s and 1980s and one of the first to write a regular column devoted to restaurant reviews. Writing as Sam Orr, a satirical character invented to suit the ethos of the irreverent Nation Review, Beckett produced highly original reports of his dining experiences. He aimed to both educate and entertain his readers and to subvert the perception of restaurant dining as an elitist pastime. Beckett’s contribution as a tastemaker was disparaged at the time and has been largely neglected since. Through a consideration of the role of Nation Review, Beckett’s reviews, published responses to Sam Orr by both his critics and his fans and unpublished correspondence from readers, this article offers a reassessment of Richard Beckett’s role in the shaping of Australia’s tastes in restaurant dining through his endorsement of the distaste of taste.     

食品安全危机管理体制中技术机构的法律定位

经济和社会的发展使原有的行政权为单一核心的食品安全危机管理体制开始凸显出不足,真正的多主体管理机制应成为理论和实践的必然选择;作为社会权力重要组成部分的技术机构,在食品安全法律、标准和政策制定过程中,应当扮演证人、鉴定人的角色;在食品科技研发相关法律中,应当被界定为研究的助推力量和应用的制动力量;在日常食品安全监测、评估中,应当作为独立自主、负有社会责任的服务性组织进行社会监督和接受国家权力的监管。     

《食品安全法》立法刍议

食品安全问题已成为世界各国人民和政府十分关注的焦点。我国的食品安全问题也不容乐观。国内现行的《食品卫生法》已不能适应科技进步和经济发展形势的需要,亟需尽快制定我国的《食品安全法》及其配套法规。对《食品安全法》的立法工作提出了建设性意见。     

论建立与完善食品安全二级检验体系--由苏丹红事件引发的法律思考

近期,食品安全问题突出,一系列个案拷问着我国食品安全监管和立法部门,从中暴露了食品安全立法和监管的缺陷.借鉴日本和欧盟等国家与地区的法律实践经验,改革现存法律法规与监管机构,设立独立的食品安全管理机构,建立以政府机构和科研单位为主、社区检验机构为辅的二级检验体系.     

食品安全组织网络的治理分析

作为一种“棘手问题”,食品安全问题需要通过市场、科层和网络组织及其机制的合力解决。政府主导的食品安全监管网络体系主要由常规则的食品安全行政监管网络和食品安全风险监测网络构成。而基于市场化改革和价值链形成的食品供应组织网络存在种种风险。消费者及社会组织化的发展相对滞后。由此产生的权力不对称和碎片化造成组织网络中的隙缝、潜规则和不信任,不利于网络治理的形成和发展。     

Isolation and identification of an isomeric sildenafil analogue as an adulterant in an instant coffee premix

The proliferation of adulterated health foods and beverages in the market demands a comprehensive analytical strategy to identify the adulterants, particularly those of isomeric phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. An instant coffee premix (ICP) purchased from an online retailer was flagged for suspected adulteration through PDE5 inhibition assay. The ICP was then analysed using suspected-target and non-targeted screenings of a liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Based on these findings, a PDE5 inhibitor initially assigned as compound X was isolated from the ICP by employing a liquid chromatography-diode array detection before its structural elucidation with liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The suspected-target screening matched the protonated molecule ([M + H]⁺) precursor ion of compound X at m/z 499.2310 with two suspected analytes that are structural isomers of one another. The fragmentation patterns of compound X were comparable to those analogues in the dithiocarbodenafil group through the non-targeted screening. These findings, complemented by the LC-UV and NMR spectroscopy data, together with the chromatographic separation of related structural isomers, conclude the identity of compound X. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to report the presence of 3,5-dimethylpiperazinyl-dithiodesmethylcarbodenafil in an ICP sample.

Key points

• The herbal-based male sexual performance products’ lucrative market has instigated their rampant adulteration, particularly with PDE5 inhibitors.
• The adulterated products may also contain analogues of the approved PDE5 inhibitors, which usually passed into the market undetected as they are not included in the routine targeted screening procedure.
• The present study detected, isolated, and identified an isomeric sildenafil analogue from an instant coffee premix sample using rapid qualitative assay and comprehensive analytical analysis.
• This paper highlighted the applicability of the established strategies for routine casework, particularly in a forensic drug testing laboratory.