《食品安全法》面临的现状及完善对策

从近年来出现的各类食品安全问题出发,阐述我国刚刚颁布的《食品安全法》所面临的现状及分析存在的问题及根源;从完善我国现有《食品安全法》的角度,提出了继续加强现有行政资源的整合;借鉴国外食品安全法典等完善我国新《食品安全法》体系;加快制定符合国际标准和技术法规的食品安全统一标准,消除国际食品安全歧视;建立安全有效的强制性的食品安全标准化体系是确保食品安全技术保障的重要依据;同时强调赋予食品监管部门更充分的权力,统一执法力量,为解决多头分段管理的弊端提供借鉴和对策,促使新《食品安全法》在社会经济生活中发挥更加积极的作用。     

African Green Revolution,food sovereignty and constrained livelihood choice in Mozambique

This article examines the complicated food security agendas of the African Green Revolution and the food sovereignty models in Mozambique. Drawing on fieldwork conducted by the author in Mozambique in 2014 and 2015, the paper analyses how smallholder farmers engage with these two agrarian models. Whereas the literature frequently presents the African Green Revolution and the food sovereignty in oppositional frames, this paper finds that farmers in Mozambique utilize some of the tools that these models offer in complementary rather than competing ways. One such area is the use of commercial hybrid seeds and herbicides by some farmers associated with food sovereignty, an approach that runs counter to food sovereignty’s principles of agroecology. In Mozambique, farmers’ “lived experience” of food sovereignty is more a strategic response to their limited livelihood options, using whatever tools are available to them, rather than a resistance to power.     

北京市污水管网的现状与发展

鉴于目前北京污水管网仍主要使用几十年前的刚性接口水泥管和传统的施工工艺，远落后于发达国家和上海、天津等城市的现状，提出了采用柔性管材、整体预制检查井及装配化快速施工工艺的措施和建议。     

论食品安全法草案立法新理念

经过4年的努力,<中华人民共和国食品安全法(草案)征求意见稿>终于在2008年4月20日向全国人民公布并征求意见.纵观<征求意见稿>我们不难发现以下四个新的立法理念:充分体现了"以人为本构建和谐社会"的立法理念;充分体现了从"农田到餐桌"的全程监管重在源头的监管理念;充分体现了充分发挥消费者作用的制衡理念;充分体现了加大违法成本的法经济学理念.这四大立法理念不仅是食品安全立法理念的创新,也将对相关立法产生深远的影响.     

食品安全不是食品卫生发展的高级阶段

通过食品的定义和对食品卫生、食品安全等相关概念进行比较,对食品在卫生与安全上存在的既卫生又安全的食品,卫生但不安全的食品、安全但不卫生的食品和不卫生不安全的食品四种现象的描述,提出了食品安全不是食品卫生发展的高级阶段、两者将长期并存、不会互相取代且反而可以相互促进的观点,并对两者的发展趋势进行了展望。     

论食品安全犯罪的刑法规制

为有效保障食品安全，就必须重视刑法对食品安全犯罪的规制。现有的关于食品安全犯罪的刑法规制存在不足，对食品安全犯罪的刑法规制应按以下思路进行调整：重新定位食品安全犯罪；扩充食品安全犯罪的罪名体系；完善责任形式。食品安全犯罪刑法规制的具体改进措施包括：调整食品安全犯罪在刑法分则中的位置；增设食品安全重大责任事故罪；对“食品”的概念作扩大化解释，并在刑法中明确其涵义；对生产、经营不符合安全标准食品罪的犯罪构成加以改造；完善法律责任形式。     

论中国-东盟食品安全合作法律机制的构建

中国与东盟食品安全合作的稳步推进需要相应法律机制的保障。这一法律机制应立足于双方食品安全合作的已有法律依据和实践，从组织机构、表现形式和规范体系三方面予以构建。该法律机制的组织机构建设应依托于中国-东盟自由贸易区的整体性机构安排；该法律机制的表现形式主要是中国与东盟秘书处和中国与东盟各国食品安全职能部门签订的合作文件。这些文件的法律性质是软法，其制定和实施均应遵循软法的法治特征；该法律机制的规范体系应至少涵盖四类规则：食品安全信息交流制度、食品安全标准协调制度、食品安全能力建设制度和食品安全突发事件协处刺度。     

Little Swans with Luxette and Loved Boy Pudding: Changing Fashions in Cookery Books

Cookery books are far from simple things: alongside the recipes we may find narrative, memoir, science, history, politics, travelogue and anthropology. The cookery book also reveals in a profoundly naked form the anxieties and paranoias of its precise historical moment. So the glamorous cookery books of the years between the wars try to persuade the newly servantless middle-class woman that the cooking she must now do herself is a creative and fashionable activity. And the postwar British, sick of the limited stodge of their still-rationed diet, clutched Elizabeth David to their collective bosom, unable to taste her pungent dishes, but in thrall to the sun-strewn fantasy of the good life her books offered. From Mrs Beeton, offering the mid-Victorian mistress of the house the instructions and routines she needed to hide the mechanisms of the domestic machine, to the potent contemporary fantasy of the Mediterranean peasant and his fabulously healthy lifestyle, Humble interrogates the cookery books of the last 150 years, asking what they can tell us about how changing attitudes to class, gender and domesticity intersect with the culture of food.     

The development path of rooibos tea – a review of patterns and lessons learnt for the commercialisation of other indigenous teas in South Africa

ABSTRACT

The commercial value of indigenous South African animal and plant resources can add significantly to the nation's socioeconomic development and contribute towards the achievement of the goals of the African Renaissance. However, very few of the country's many indigenous plants have been successfully commercialised. This article reviews the development phases of one success story: rooibos tea. Its development trajectory offers a useful lesson in the commercialisation of other South African indigenous animal and plant resources. Constraints that hindered the effective commercialisation of the beverage are highlighted, notably the initial over-reliance on a local market and the lack of coordinated broad marketing and quality assurance. These constraints were compounded by international trade restrictions imposed on South Africa prior to the 1994 transition to democracy. While the world moved forward, the rooibos tea sector lagged behind in the development of niche markets. It was only in the late 1990s when a seemingly perfect match between the health-giving properties of rooibos and consumer needs was achieved, thus creating a vibrant niche market for the tea. Since then, production and sales of rooibos tea have increased markedly. Adherence to national and international codes of good manufacturing practice, together with the recognition of the importance of fair trade principles regarding the participation of small-scale cooperatives, are becoming increasingly important parameters for product acceptance.