改革开放以来的中国公共行政学

改革开放以后,中国公共行政学得以恢复与重建,并逐渐确立了其应有的学科地位,从而获得了更大的发展空间,取得了辉煌的成就:高等院校公共行政学科学院化,建立了完整的专业教育体系,专业性学术组织蓬勃发展,创办了一批专业学术期刊,积极开展国际学术交流;研究领域不断拓展,研究范式不断转换,研究方法不断改进,话语体系不断构建等。公共行政学的发展在推动我国行政体制改革、构建服务型政府、转变政府职能、培育公共精神、提升政府治理能力等方面都起到了重要作用,但在没有形成完备的本土化理论体系、研究方法的结构性失衡、公共行政的合法性危机等方面,仍面临较大的挑战。不过,全面深化改革的进一步推进、国家治理体系与治理能力现代化水平的逐步提高、互联网与大数据技术的广泛应用,也为公共行政学的发展创造了巨大的发展机遇。未来中国公共行政学的发展要立足现实,及时回应和满足社会变革的需要,创新公共行政学的研究范式与方法,构建具有中国特色的公共行政学话语体系和本土化的公共行政学理论。     

The effects of technical parties and partisan election management bodies on voting outcomes

Research on election integrity has noted the important role of election administration in facilitating free and fair practices. However, limited research has assessed how the staffing of polling station level election commissions may influence voting. Using extensive personnel and election data from Ukraine, this article investigates how partisanship and liberal registration rules permit major parties to “stack” election commissions with sympathetic officials. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the placement of representatives from major parties, or affiliated parties, in leadership positions on polling station commissions is associated with improved election outcomes.     

Partisan Media and Engagement: A Field Experiment in a Newly Liberalized System

How does media exposure affect political engagement in newly liberalized systems? Some celebrate newly vibrant and diverse media, believing that they mobilize citizens. Others worry that these outlets, which are often partisan, dampen engagement. We theorize that exposure to political programming engenders interest in politics irrespective of program bias, but that interest does not necessarily beget action. Partisan media affect participation only when altering attitude strength, and thus motivations. To evaluate media effects on interest and participation, we conducted a field experiment in Ghana, in which subjects in tro-tros (commuter vans) were randomly exposed to different types of live talk radio. We find that partisan and nonpartisan media increased political interest, but not participation. Instead, exposure to alternate perspectives on cross-cutting media (i.e., those biased against subjects’ partisan preferences) heightened ambivalence and dampened participation, measured as signing a petition to parties. Partisan media simultaneously increased interest and decreased participation.     

田径定向越野课程教法初探

田径运动是学校体育教学的重点之一，开展传统田径项目丰富了学校体育文化的建设，提高了学生的体质．但在全面推选素质教育以适应学生个性化发展的要求方面，传统田径项目有许多缺陷。为改革拓展传统田径教学内容和方法．提高田径教学内容的健身性、实用性、趣味性和娱乐性，定向越野课程应机而生。定向越野运动对学生各种能力、综合素质的提高都有很大的促进作用，同时又能充实和丰富学校体育教学内容。定向越野方式方法多样，基本技术较多，是一门崭新的田径课程，开设时间相对较短，认识还不十分充分，在对定向越野课程教法的深入研究基础上提出的理论与实际相结合的五步教学法．对该课程的开展具有一定的指导作用。     

民国时期西康民族地区的农村合作运动

民国时期,西康省民族地区的农村合作事业得到了一定的发展。在省、县两级合作行政机构的推动下,西康省农村合作社及社员数量不断增多,合作社业务也不断充实。同时,合作贷款以及合作教育也有较大推进。农村合作运动对西康民族地区近代农村社会的发展和变迁有着重要意义,对西康地区各民族的团结统一也做出了积极贡献。     

The dilemmas of pursuing ‘throughput legitimacy’ through participatory mechanisms

Under pressure to open up the ‘black box’ of governance, technocratic bodies are increasingly seeking to include civil society participation in the policy process. This article draws on empirical cases from the European Commission and NHS England to assess the extent to which the participatory mechanisms pursued by these institutions have been successful in eliciting ‘throughput legitimacy’. It is shown that though these mechanisms have taken very different forms – the former a classic instance of ‘window dressing’ participation, the latter closer to ‘best practice’ in this field – they nevertheless share a number of ongoing vulnerabilities. The article outlines the shared organisational, operational and existential dilemmas that technocratic bodies face when eliciting civil society participation, and highlight their reliance on backstage negotiation to sustain stakeholder buy-in. It concludes by highlighting the prospect that the pursuit of throughput legitimacy for technocratic bodies entails inherent limitations and contradictions.     

对加强胜利油田惩防体系建设的思考

建立健全惩治和预防腐败体系是推进党风廉政建设的创新举措。胜利油田惩防体系建设以党的十八精神为指针，固本清源抓教育，规范权力抓监督，以查促防抓惩处，牢牢把握促进党员干部清正廉洁、保障履职安全的目标指向，为提升胜利油田党风建设和反腐倡廉工作水平，推动胜利油田打造世界一流、实现率先发展提供政治保障。     

非强制性行政行为的增长与公安行政执法

在公共选择理论下,政府行为取决于公民的意愿和选择。或者说,一个负责任的政府是要不断地满足公民的权利吁求的。公众对公安机关直接强制行政行为的反感,促使公安机关转变执法观念,摆正位置,开发和运用多种具有行政指导、行政契约等非强制性的行政方式和服务措施,既达到了公安机关维护社会治安、推行治安管理的目的,又为群众所接受。这是公安行政执法改革与发展的一个重要趋势。     

治安管理创新引论

创新是治安管理实践的需要。面对不断变化的社会治安形势,根据管理创新的理论成果,治安管理应从理论创新、观念创新、组织创新和职能创新四个层面着手。治安管理创新对推动治安管理工作具有重要的现实意义。     

我国机关事务集中统一管理改革的理论与实践分析

改革开放以来,我国机关事务管理变革工作经历了初步探索、全面改革和深化改革三个时期。我国机关事务管理经不断改革已经取得很大进步,但仍面临管理职能分散化、部门利益分割化等碎片化困境,因此我们应树立机关事务整体性治理理念,构建跨部门协同的集中统一治理体系。调研湖北省、山西省、江西省等地机关事务集中统一管理实践发现,集中统一管理具有优势也面临诸多挑战。未来机关事务管理应增强保障与服务职能,打造服务型组织;提高管理与运营能力,打造高效型组织;健全监督与问责机制,打造责任型组织。