基于绿色财税政策的湘江流域治理生态补偿机制研究

由于历史和现实原因,湘江流域的生态环境问题日渐突显,影响到该流域的社会、经济、文化的发展。湘江流域生态问题是多方面的,湘江流域的治理也需要多种政策的支撑,其中绿色财税政策是重要组成部分之一。而现行的财税政策存在着许多弊端,需要从生态环境财政政策、相关税费制度与政策、市场相关机制等角度加以完善。     

The Federal Dilemma: Organisational Strategies and the Consolidation of Parties in Mexico and Argentina

What accounts for the consolidation of party organisations? The specialised literature has stressed the importance of institutions in shaping the ways in which political parties organise. However, little attention has been paid to the role of federalism. We argue that in federal settings, party territorial organisational strategies condition their capacity to become consolidated parties. We illustrate our theory with an analysis of the development of conservative parties in Argentina and Mexico to explain their different levels of consolidation.     

房价上涨的途径——财政、人口与预期的再验证

在国家“六稳”、“六保”的政策目标下，稳定房价具有较大现实意义。基于中国267个地级市2006-2018年的面板数据，通过联立方程模型实证研究地方财政支出、人口迁移以及预期对房价的影响。结果显示，市场对房价上涨的预期是推升房价上涨的主要因素，此外，全国层面的房价受到地方财政支出资本化的正向作用，东、中部地区房价受到人口迁移数量的显著影响，西部地区房价受到第三产业占比的支撑。因此，稳定房价的关键途径是维持购房者的市场信心，确保人口流入有助稳定东、中部地区房价?确保第三产业发展则是 稳定西部房价的重要途径。     

A New Trend

正China's economic growth is stabilizing in the 7-8 percent range China’s gross domestic product(GDP)grew 7.8 percent in the third quarter,0.3percentage points higher than in the second quarter.Economic growth rate has been ranging from 7 to 8 percent since the second quarter of 2012.The fourth quarter of 2013 will be no exception.Therefore,the growth rate floating between 7 to 8 percent is not an accidental phenomenon but a periodical trend for the country.     

Fiscal transparency puzzle and electoral institutions: applying a 3Ds approach for tracking the action cycle in Egypt

This article aims at contributing to the discussion on the fiscal transparency puzzle. The authors challenge the idea that fiscal disclosure can directly increase fiscal accountability. Using an original data set at the level of individual members of parliament (MPs) in the Egyptian parliament, constructed from content analysis of budgetary discussions during the period 2000–10, it is shown that political incentives determined by a majoritarian electoral system curbed the willingness to check government fiscal behaviour, even among opposition MPs. This is because MPs still favoured pork-barrel behaviour to boost their re-election chances. Moreover, fiscal data disclosed could not be communicated to voters and the opposition showed a relatively higher avoidance against fiscal disclosure. The authors conclude that the electoral system is a dominant factor in shaping the final effect of transparency given its influence on the structure of political incentives.     

Cooperation without the Leviathan: Intergovernmental policymaking in Canadian education

A staple of policymaking in any federation is intergovernmental cooperation, which can take the form of vertical initiatives between the central and substate governments or as horizontal initiatives among the substate governments themselves. Most research has focused the former whereby the central government often deploys powerful levers to encourage the constituent members to cooperate. Such accounts, however, cannot be applied to cases occurring without the influence of the proverbial Leviathan. This article sets out to identify conditions that may be conducive to horizontal cooperation, developing a set of propositions focusing on economic, institutional, and ideational factors. These propositions are then considered on three cases of cooperation with varying results in Canadian education. While no single factor can be identified as necessary and sufficient for horizontal cooperation, institutional and ideational conditions interacted in dynamic ways and appeared to play the leading roles in the outcomes presented here.     

Comparing Central City Finances Using Fiscally Standardized Cities

Abstract

Because fiscal institutions and arrangements differ widely across US cities, it has until now been very difficult to conduct comparative analysis of spending, revenues, and debt in US cities. This paper describes a new city fiscal dataset, called fiscally standardized cities (FiSCs), that directly addresses the varying roles of municipal governments, counties, school districts, and special districts in the financing of central cities. By taking systematic account of fiscal data for all the major units of government in large cities over a long time period (1977–2012), the FiSC data permit investigation of a wide range of important comparative policy issues for cities. The article describes the methodology used to construct FiSCs, and gives a number of examples to illustrate the potential uses of the FiSC data. For example, it shows how spending comparisons between cities can be fundamentally misleading unless account is taken of the varying roles of overlapping governmental units. It also demonstrates how the FiSC data can be used to benchmark fiscal data for one city against comparable cities.     

促进共同富裕的财政政策选择

推动共同富裕对于经济增长具有重要意义,并会产生深远的社会影响。促进共同富裕进程中财 政政策作用的发挥及政策选择值得关注。研究认为,共同富裕既要实现总体富裕,也要高度重视合理的收入分 配。推进共同富裕要在保持宏观经济稳定、可持续增长的基础上实现收入分配公平,群体之间收入分配要做到“抬 低、扩中、限高”,实现东北、东部、中部、西部区域均衡发展,实现农村共同富裕,实现精神和物质共同富裕。 研究建议,应积极拓展完善税收、支出和社会保障三大财政政策,推动实现共同富裕。     

The Defence of Iturbide or the Defence of Federalism? Rebellion in Jalisco and the Conspiracy of the Calle de Celaya, 1824

Abstract: This article investigates a planned rebellion in favour of Agustín de Iturbide organised by a group of his supporters in Guadalajara, Jalisco, in 1824. It shows that the rebels in Guadalajara were in close communication with a second cadre of conspirators in Mexico City. By examining the various plans drawn up by the rebels, the article demonstrates the existence of two separate and apparently contradictory aims for the rebellion: the return of Iturbide and the defence of federalism. The question posed by the paper is: does this discovery indicate a coalition between federalists and iturbidistas against the central government in Mexico City?     

The Growing Role of States in U.S. Foreign Policy: The Case of the State Partnership Program

States can and do play an important role in contemporary U.S. foreign policy. This article will discuss the growing role of states through an investigation of the State Partnership Program (SSP). The SSP pairs state National Guards with the militaries of other countries through U.S. military engagement programs. The state-level National Guard then becomes the primary site for implementing U.S. military engagement programs. Both a federalism and decision-making perspective, however, are unable to recognize this role. The decision-making bias of foreign policy analysis affords states a limited international role and minimal influence in shaping the policies of the government toward other countries. An implementation perspective, however, reveals a growing role of states carrying out U.S. foreign policy, including the "high politics" of national security issues. States give decisions meaning through the practice of policy implementation. A detailed case study of the Maryland–Estonia partnership illustrates how an implementation perspective can recognize a growing role of states in shaping U.S. foreign policy.