身体写作女性化探讨

身体写作作为一种文化现象,在批评语言和接受视野中逐渐被简化、定型化为女性写作、女性性经验和欲望写作,其后果是固化了20世纪90年代处在生成阶段的身体、身体写作的内涵;在某种程度上模糊了20世纪90年代中国身体写作的整体性景观;割断了个体化身体写作与文学批评中存在的与之相关的批评话语之间的精神联系。我们要对市场选择机制保持警惕,同时也要对女性被等同于身体、女性的性经验被等同于性经验话语的生产机制保持警惕。     

DIFFERENTIATION AMONG TYPES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE: RESEARCH UPDATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTIONS

A growing body of empirical research has demonstrated that intimate partner violence is not a unitary phenomenon and that types of domestic violence can be differentiated with respect to partner dynamics, context, and consequences. Four patterns of violence are described: Coercive Controlling Violence, Violent Resistance, Situational Couple Violence, and Separation‐Instigated Violence. The controversial matter of gender symmetry and asymmetry in intimate partner violence is discussed in terms of sampling differences and methodological limitations. Implications of differentiation among types of domestic violence include the need for improved screening measures and procedures in civil, family, and criminal court and the possibility of better decision making, appropriate sanctions, and more effective treatment programs tailored to the characteristics of different types of partner violence. In family court, reliable differentiation should provide the basis for determining what safeguards are necessary and what types of parenting plans are appropriate to ensure healthy outcomes for children and parent–child relationships.     

性别文化的去向——从权力文化到平等性别文化

文化、性别文化都是权力关系的产物.文化在一定意义上可以理解为权力的一种转化方式,包括政治权力、经济权力,它在文化的形成、传播和发展中起着决定性的作用,但这种权力构架起来的性别文化模式却阻碍了社会的发展.因此我们要反映并挑战这些权力的不平等,致力于打破这种权利构架.打破现有的这种性别不平等模式,就要建构一种平等的性别文化,也就是建立一种以人为本,全面、协调、可持续发展的性别文化模式.     

The Messiness of Everyday Life: Exploring Key Themes in Latin American Citizenship Studies Introduction

This section seeks to provide a brief theoretical framework for the study of citizenship in Latin America by focusing on two characteristics which are of relevance to the essays collected here: belonging and political agency. It then goes on to discuss some key themes which emerge from a reading of the collected articles: methodology; civilisation and deviation; citizenship as the organisation of subordinate inclusion; popular ideas of citizenship as 'fairness'; role of public performance in defining political relationships.     

两性关系、食物需求与私有制的起源--以远古中国为主要参照的再解读

文章认为,两性关系、食物需求与私有制的起源有密切联系。远古社会男女两性比例失调给男女生活带来了难以化解的张力,只是由于食物缺乏、女性尊贵等因素,部落自身才具有自我调节的能力。进入母系社会末期,部落之间为争夺食物发生了大规模战争,女子沦为俘虏,被胜利者当作“财产”加以瓜分,从此成为男子独占的对象。男子为了养活女子,开始寻求更多的属于自己支配的食物和财产,此即人类私有制最初的意义。后来,在相对固定的两性关系下,血缘意识出现,男女关系开始从属于父子关系。这种关系的转变促发了私有财产意义的变换。男子转而将为子女积累更多的财产作为生命追求的目标,财产传承制度由此萌发,并反过来影响了私有财产的逐渐制度化。     

国外对语言教学中的性别问题研究述评

性别因素渗透在语言教学的各个方面.西方在外语教学中的性别研究,从性别歧视、性别差异和两性平等教育三方面进行概述.这些研究成果对我国的外语教学也有所启迪.     

Gender Mainstreaming and Global Governance

This article seeks to explain the variable implementation of gender mainstreaming as a `policy frame' over time and across various international organisations (I.O.s). In the years since the U.N. Fourth World Women's Conference in Beijing (1995),mainstreaming has been endorsed and adopted by a wide range of international organisations, and we compare the adoption and implementation of mainstreaming in four specific I.O.s: the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the European Union. The rhetorical acceptance of mainstreaming by various international organisations, however, obscures considerable variation in both the timing and the nature of the mainstreaming process within and among organisations. This variation, in turn, can be explained in terms of the categories of political opportunity, mobilising structures and strategic framing, which have been put forward by social movement theorists. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

社会性别视野下女大学生就业问题的思考

女大学生作为就业市场中知识女性阶层的主导群体，在就业过程中往往无法避免用人单位的性别偏好，遭遇性别不平等待遇。目前，我国整体严峻的就业形势使得女大学生的就业问题显得更为突出。女性的就业环境在一定意义上反映出女性的社会地位以及社会对女性的尊重程度。社会性别这个概念为女性就业问题的研究提供了一个全新的视角。     

Intergroup fairness biases: Is ours the fairer sex?

These studies were designed to assess ethnocentrism and stereotypes as possible mediators of intergroup fairness biases. In Study 1, subjects wrote fair and unfair behaviors about their own sex (the ingroup) and the opposite sex (the outgroup). More fair and fewer unfair behaviors were written about the ingroup than about the outgroup, supporting the ethnocentric hypothesis. In Study 2, subjects rated the fairness and frequency of random samples of each item type. Half the subjects rated these items as they were originally written, and half rated them with the gender of the actor reversed. Ethnocentrism was evident in ratings of ingroup actors as more fair than outgroup actors when both performed fair behaviors, but this bias was reversed in favor of outgroup actors for ratings of unfair behaviors. In addition, the items written about women were rated more fair than those written about men, and men rated the reversed gender items less fair and less frequent than did women, supporting the influence of gender stereotypes in intergroup fairness biases.     

Chachawarmi: Rhetorics and Lived Realities

Latin America's turn away from neoliberalism and adoption of decolonising alternatives to development has been spearheaded—nowhere more so than Bolivia—by indigenous movements. The gender ideology of chachawarmi is part of this decolonisation programme, but has been criticised for disguising gendered exploitation. These tensions are explored by looking at, in Escobar's words, ‘the concrete struggles within particular communities’. Based on long‐term research in rural Bolivia, this article situates the chachawarmi ideal in the multiple influences on the recreation of gender identities, and considers the complex ways in which chachawarmi as mobilised politically may influence gendered power.