规则治理:中国法律生命进化的关键

现代法治与权利是紧密相联的,中国的古代法、现行法的推进在一定程度上还欠缺权利观念。而中国当代很多学者的论述多是以西方的权利———法治模式为参照,忽视了中国的独特观念和实践,当现代的法治运动摧毁了中国已有的模式,能否建立起西方的权利———法治模式又是值得怀疑的。中国法治理的症结不在于权利的缺失,而在于对于规则的认知不足。中国不应拘泥于西方的模式,要从本国的文化习性和传统,从实用立场出发,用规则治理,用发展了的实践理性才能扎实地推动对法律的反思。     

非营利法人治理对公司治理的借鉴与创新

非营利法人中也存在委托——代理关系产生的风险,为了确保各种利益相关者的利益不被经营管理者伤害,有必要借鉴公司法人的治理经验,建立一套完善的治理体系,包括建立合理的治理结构通过规章制度安排实现内部责任与权力的平衡,以及通过外部市场竞争实现对内部经营管理的约束。其中,外部治理对于非营利法人尤其重要,因此必须在业绩评估、信息公开、人才选聘、打破垄断等方面进行制度创新。     

保险“最大诚信”之反思——兼论保险告知义务的理论依据

诚信没有大小之区分,把“最大诚信”论作为告知义务产生的理论依据已经不合适宜,它不仅有循环论证的逻辑缺陷、制度构建的困惑,也不符合保险制度发展的实际需要。告知义务的理论基础应当是多元的,危险信息不对称与危险估计需要是事实基础,而诚信原则是该事实需要转化为制度构建逻辑结论的理论工具。     

行政美学初探

公共行政或公共行政管理作为一种实践活动具有美学即行政美学的意义。作为行政哲学分支学科的行政美学的任务就是要从公共行政实践活动中寻找行政美的本质及其规律,促进行政美的创造。研究行政美学的理论与实践意义,在于在追求行政管理合目的性和合规律性的统一中实现和谐行政。     

保险法诚信原则的确立基础、履行与完善

保险法诚信原则的确立基础可以从保险的历史、合同性质、产品功能来考察。保险法诚信原则的实现是通过投保人和保险人对保险法诚信原则的履行来完成的。现行保险法的诚实信用原则应该改为最大诚信原则,该原则在我国的保险法体系中尚有许多不足之处需要完善。     

人才流动中的商业秘密保护——由一起跳槽案引发的思考

员工的跳槽行为,是企业商业秘密流失的最主要渠道。如何使商业秘密不因人才流动而流失是企业不容忽视的重大问题。企业应当采取适当的保密措施,加强诚信建设。在侵犯商业秘密案件中,客户档案是否构成商业秘密的认定非常复杂,争议也较大。同时,针对商业秘密的侵权行为既复杂又隐蔽的特点,在商业秘密侵权案件的审理中应当适用举证责任倒置方法。     

Municipal Democratisation in Rural Latin America: Methodological Insights from Ecuador

As municipal governments in Latin America acquire greater responsibility for public goods and services and the promotion of economic and social development, and play a greater role in local citizenship, questions about the quality of municipal democracy also need to be taken much more seriously. This article proposes a 'relative power approach' that examines the distribution of social power at the microregional level and its impact on municipal governance as the starting point for the analysis of municipal democratisation in Latin America. The approach lays particular emphasis on historical changes in the distribution of local productive assets, the political organisation of local social actors, coalitions between and divisions within local social sectors and the ways in which local power relations are shaped by global and national forces. The article then explores the practical application of the relative power approach to three municipalities in rural Ecuador.     

Pretend It Doesn'T Work: The ‘Anti-Social’ Bias In The Maryland Scientific Methods Scale

The social constructs and methodological principles embodied in the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), comprising part of the Campbell Collaboration in Crime and Justice assessment protocol, induce a series of biases in the evaluation of evidence of crime prevention policy interventions that focus on collective social phenomena, such as communities. Applying these principles leads to negative conclusions about effectiveness; yet their inherent ‘anti-social’ bias may induce Type II error with regard to the desirability of ‘social’ interventions to reduce crime. Policy-making is poorly served as a result. This point is illustrated, first, through a scrutiny of the social constructs used, including those that typify treatments, institutional settings and units of analysis. These are seen as being constructed in a way that is congenial to the underlying methodological issue of ‘control’ but that constitute nevertheless a distorted definition of the governance issues involved in crime reduction in community settings. A model more appropriate for evaluating voluntaristic action in civil society is needed. Second, it is suggested that this methodological bias arises particularly in policy interventions and change programmes that address issues concerning the ‘collective efficacy’ of local communities in reducing crime. An empirical exemplification of these arguments is presented with reference to a completed evaluation research study (Foster and Hope, 1993).     

从股东绝对主权主义到相对主权主义公司治理的困境及出路

从股东绝对主权主义到相对主权主义是公司作为一种资本制度的必然选择,股东大会权力的缩小,董事会权力的扩大,发挥经营者在业务经营管理领域的专长,是实现公司灵活、高效经营,增强公司活力的客观需要.然而,股东主权相对主义却遇到了新的困境:法律上的董事会中心主义在公司权力实际运作中,配置给了大股东或经营者,而应享有主权的广大股东和利益相关者均无法对实际控制公司的大股东和经营者实施有效的监督.完善公司治理的必由之路是建立有效的约束机制.     

论欧盟金融服务法中的母国控制原则

在欧盟金融服务法中,母国控制原则是指跨境金融服务应主要遵循母国的监管规则,相应的监管责任也主要由母国监管当局承担。母国控制原则不能适用于未经金融服务指令协调的领域。相互承认原则是母国控制原则的前提和基础,母国控制原则又是实施相互承认原则的必然要求和具体体现。这一原则的形成与欧盟金融服务市场一体化方法的转变有着密切联系,其发展也是这种新的一体化模式广泛推行的必然结果。立法和司法实践表明,母国控制原则的适用范围尚不明确,其价值没有得到充分的体现。为了消除跨境金融服务的法律壁垒,推动金融服务市场的一体化进程,欧盟金融服务立法应向协调行为规则、进一步明确划分监管责任并扩大母国控制范围的方向发展。