公平的价值:政策工具的视角——以日本的所得税制为例

公平原则在税收政策制订与执行过程中具有很重要的工具性作用,日本的所得税制在采用公平原则方面很有参考价值。日本开征所得税为缓解政府的财政压力起到了重要作用,但其顺利实施却有赖于公平这一政策工具的推动。政府以公平作为征税理由之一,提高了政府征税的正当性,有效降低了征税阻力。     

The Jews of early modern Marburg, 1640s—1800: A case study in family and household organization

This article examines Jewish household and family organization in a middle-sized German city, the Upper Hessian regional center of Marburg, the population of which ranged from 2500 to 6000 from the Thirty Years War to the end of the 18th century. Some general hypotheses about population development, household structure, and family life conveniently summarized by Toch [Toch, M. (1995). Aspects of stratification in early modern German Jewry: Population history and village Jews. In R. P. Hsia & H. Lehmann (Eds.). In and out of the ghetto: Jewish-Gentile relations in late medieval and early modern Germany (pp. 77-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] serve as an organizational frame for the case study. In Toch's view, Jews' comparative wealth, as well as governmental restrictions on their settlement and marriage in central Europe, led to their having larger and more complex households than those of the Christian majority. While household enumerations over time confirm several of Toch's observations, especially the larger size of Jewish families, neither Hessian settlement policy nor local Marburg opposition prevented the Jewish minority of about 1% from keeping pace with general population growth. Moreover, Jews did not respond to their regulated living conditions and status as cultural outsiders with a family organization exhibiting remarkably more internal complexity than did Christian households.     

户籍制度改革并非解决农民工问题的当务之急

中国农民工已有2亿,农民工问题已成为当今中国的一个重要问题。在如何认识和解决农民工问题上,不少学者认为解决农民工问题的关键是改革户籍制度。其实,解决农民工问题的关键并不在户籍制度改革,当务之急是如何保障农民工的现实权益。     

强制性信息披露规则产生动因的法经济学分析——兼论强制性信息披露的限度

在证券市场上,强制性信息披露规则对保证投资者获得充分的信息,从而作出正确的投资决策具有重要意义。本文主要从法经济学的角度运用公共产品理论、博弈论和成本收益分析方法对强制性信息披露规则的产生动因进行揭示,并在此基础上对强制性信息披露规则的限度进行了探讨。     

GENDER AND ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE: A CONTEXTUAL EXAMINATION*

A growing body of research examines the problem of adolescent dating violence. In these studies, fairly high rates of female‐to‐male violence have been documented, leading to considerable debate about the role of gender in dating and other partner violence. Drawing from a broader qualitative study of violence in the lives of African‐American youths from a distressed urban community, we weigh in on this debate by providing a contextual examination of the nature, circumstances, and meanings of adolescent dating violence. Our research shows that the meanings and consequences of girls ‘violence are strikingly different than those of boys’, and that both are grounded in gender inequalities. We conclude by discussing the significance of these findings for both feminist and general research on dating violence.     

降解生物检材遗传标记检测的研究进展

降解生物检材遗传标记的检测一直是法医学实践和科研的难点。虽然PCR-STR分析技术能在一定程度上检测降解生物检材的遗传标记,但是对于某些高度降解的生物检材如骨骼、牙齿等的PCR-STR分型仍旧十分困难,存在不稳定性和分型异常现象。本文就近几年来PCR-STR分型技术在降解生物检材的法医实践中出现的问题和解决方法作一综述。     

造就“品牌农民工”之我见

造就一个个叫得响的“品牌农民工”,可以使务工农民在劳务的转移过程中显示出其独特的魅力,成为市场有力的竞争者。在品牌“包装”下,农民工利用自己的“无形财富”,可以获得更多的就业空间,增加更多的收入。     

Medicalization and social justice

Most social justice critiques of medical care focus upon the allocation of extant, but scarce, resources. In contrast to that focus, this article explores the preallocative arena of factors which shape the supply and availability of medical care. We identify four such factors: (1)medicalization — the tendency to regard as biologically caused various human problems which were in earlier eras ignored or attributed to other causes; (2)social inclusion — the bringing of economically deprived and socially marginal groups into participation in the medical care system; (3)biomedical transcendence — the elevation of biomedically derived concepts of human function into a social and personal world view; and (4)health absolutism — the ideology which holds individuals accountable for their own health and which, contrary to the thrust of the other factors, deemphasizes access and social equity for professionally provided medical care. While these forces all enhance the place of health as a social value, it is by no means certain that they will lead to a society which is more medically just. The article concludes with an appeal for critical analysis of the processes which shape both the medical care system and the broad social concern with medical care.     

我国东、中、西部地区农民财产性收入差距探析

党的十七大报告首次明确提出"创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入",基于数据统计分析我国东、中、西部地区农民财产性收入差距变化趋势与原因,进一步缩小收入差距,提高农民的财产性收入,需大力发展中、西部地区农村经济,完善农村金融市场,增强农民理财观念。     

发展文化产业是规避“中等收入陷阱”的有效路径

当前,我国各种经济社会矛盾相互交织,必须警惕落入＂中等收入陷阱＂。要积极推动文化产业跨越式发展,使之成为新的经济增长点、经济结构战略性调整的重要支点、转变经济发展方式的重要着力点,为推动科学发展提供重要支撑。要站在国家战略的高度,大力发展具有中国特色的社会主义文化产业,深化体制改革之路,大力推进产业集群之路,不断内化自主创新之路,始终坚持和谐发展之路,规避＂中等收入陷阱＂。