Residential Segregation,Housing Submarkets,and Spatial Analysis: St. Louis and Cincinnati as a Case Study

This article considers how spatial analysis of housing submarkets can advance research into residential segregation. While an emphasis on housing submarkets has been proposed as a new construct for modeling housing prices, its use in analyzing residential segregation has been limited. Recent advances in spatial analysis and geographic information systems present new opportunities for researchers to exploit the potential of housing submarkets as constructs that offer a more precise way to examine residential segregation. The article synthesizes literature related to residential segregation and housing submarkets and demonstrates how to delineate housing submarkets using publicly available data. It examines the spatial distribution of housing submarkets and how the socially disadvantaged are represented across housing submarkets in St. Louis, Missouri, and Cincinnati, Ohio, to conclude that St. Louis's housing market is more polarized and racially segregated than Cincinnati's. Spatial analysis of housing submarkets, in conjunction with archival analysis, provides a promising avenue for identifying residential segregation as a multidimensional phenomenon, and a means to explore local processes of urban inequality.     

Family strategy of economic inequality among brothers in Korean rural society, 1690–1795

This article examines how inequality among brothers was practised as a family strategy in Korean south-eastern rural society from the end of the seventeenth to the late eighteenth century as a response to local economic changes. The Wolchon area experienced a process of downward levelling in this period. Using the household registers and land registers, the authors reconstituted 58 families with brothers who held land and 406 families who possessed nobi (‘serfs’ or ‘slaves’) for further examination. As a family strategy, most of these families attempted a strategy of unequal inheritance that resulted in maintaining high economic status for only one of the children among all the brothers. This child, in most cases, would be the eldest son, but also could be another son. The degree of inequality among brothers with regard to nobi-holding declined over time. Most families successfully maintained inequality, and through this family status, by efficiently practising the unequal inheritance strategy, while some families failed to keep the same level of inequality by the end of the eighteenth century. The degree of inequality among brothers is intimately connected to family property size. Each family sought its own strategy to suit the actual economic condition of the family. While very wealthy families attempted to give a similar inheritance to all brothers to provide an equal chance to each of them, less wealthy families reduced the survival chances of some children by the concentration of property given to only one child.     

Blood and bone: body mass,gender and health inequality in nineteenth-century British families

In mid-nineteenth-century Britain, a new institution emerged: the modern prison. Some prisons invested in scales. Upon entry, prisoners were measured and personal details documented. These meticulously compiled records afford a new vantage point from which we can peer into the dynamics of the household. Body measurements – height, weight, and body mass (weight adjusted for height) – connect to both patterns of consumption and health risk. Prison data thus speak to both gender and health inequality in the past. The paper juxtaposes a service economy (Wandsworth near London) with a modern manufacturing sector (Paisley near Glasgow) in order to contrast how economic form and opportunities in the market sector shaped relations and outcomes in the household sector. We find that families bargained over the allocation of resources; that bargaining position was influenced by economic value, mediated by maternal sacrifice; that this was an earner bias rather than gender bias; and that new industrial work for women and children supported a more egalitarian distribution that improved everyone's health status via superior heights and heavier weights. We examine Irish immigrants to assess cultural differences in family behaviour. Finally, the paper offers, for the first time, a detailed interpolation of Waaler's health risk for women.     

Household composition and family structures of Ukrainian Cossacks in the second half of the eighteenth century

One of the main problems faced by social historians of the Cossack Hetmanate (Cossacks' autonomous territory situated on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River) is a poor knowledge of population issues. This article therefore focuses on the history of the family and households in eighteenth-century Ukraine. Unlike the historiography of Western Europe, where active research in this field started in the 1960s, contemporary Ukrainian historiography includes only a few studies dedicated to these issues. Recently renewed interest in population issues is due to the widening scope of historical research and to changes in the methodological paradigm that started in the twenty-first century. Historical research of the Ukrainian family and population is thus in its infancy and reconsidering these aspects is crucial for a global scholarship.     

Pension Programs Around the World: New Comparative Global Policy Data

Abstract

Income protection during old age is a universally recognized human right. Are nations fulfilling their responsibility for income support for older adults? Using a new global dataset on social protection conceptualized and built by two of the authors, this paper examines whether countries have legislated for national pension systems, and the characteristics and adequacy of those systems.     

农民增收的金钥匙:优化分工与提升人力资本

农民增收难,根本原因是农民人力资本存量不足、结构不合理,农民被排斥在较高端的分工与分配体系之外。优化分工、提升农民人力资本能带动农民收入增长,带来财富增长效应与财富配给效应。建议大力发展中小企业,促进区域内专业化分工;放开国内市场,着力发展第三产业;增加教育培训等公共品的提供,引导农民契合较高端的社会分工;鼓励农民增加人力资本投资并保障农民收益。     

我国收入分配失衡的原因及其调节——以《资本论》关于资本运动的逻辑和方法为视角

《资本论》所揭示的价值规律、生产力发展规律等市场经济运行的一般规律,对今天我们建设中国特色社会主义仍然适用.《资本论》中关于资本运动的逻辑及其所揭示的社会经济发展的一般规律,对于合理调节我国目前收入分配失衡问题具有重要的指导意义.     

浅析收益法在外资并购企业估值环节中的应用

随着全球经济一体化进程的不断推进,越来越多的跨国企业通过并购的方式快速进入中国市场,抢占市场先机,占据有利竞争地位。并购定价方式及价格在整个并购过程中处于至关重要地位,往往最终决定外资并购的成与败。该文以近期国有控股公司外资并购实际案例为背景,站在转让方立场上,重点介绍被并购企业估值与谈判定价中收益法的具体应用。     

试论清末民初时期国家权力在乡村的渗透——基于小说《白鹿原》叙事的考察

清末民初,＂国权不下县＂的状态被打破,国家权力开始向乡村社会下沉,中央政权通过建立区乡制度、重建保甲制度以及通过国家法和民间法的博弈攫取乡村社会的统治权,对乡村社会进行官治。     

论个人所得税法的“以人为本”

个人所得税是调节收入分配的重要工具,它在调节贫富差距、实现社会公平方面能起到很好的作用。但是,我国个人所得税制度的人性保护现状,使纳税人没有得到公平对待,从而影响了个人所得税的功能发挥。有必要加大对个人所得税的改革力度,以发挥其公平调节作用,使我国的个人所得税制度能够更好地促进社会公平,更好地体现“以人为本”。