处理夫妻离婚时债务应保护债权人利益

随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展 ,人与人之间的交往日益频繁 ,债权债务关系也不断扩大。然而 ,以离婚逃避债务则屡见不鲜。人民法院在处理离婚债务清偿问题时应注意征询债权人的意见 ;在判决由夫妻一方对债务承担清偿责任时 ,应判决另一方负连带清偿责任 ;当债权人向法院起诉主张债权时 ,法院应将离婚双方列为共同被告。     

激励性规制:政府规制发展的新趋势

在规制俘虏理论和放松规制理论的影响下,为了提高政府规制效力,降低政府规制成本,激励性规制理论应运而生。激励性规制侧重于研究如何设计激励机制和手段,从而以最小成本获得规制信息和激励企业提高生产和经营效率。激励性规制的具体措施主要有特许投标竞争、区域间比较竞争、价格上限规制、社会契约规制等。我国公用事业和自然垄断行业在政企分开和放松行政管制的同时,有必要引入激励性规制机制。     

关于参政党建设的几个问题与对策

参政党建设问题直接关系到中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度的长期存在、延续和发展 ,事关重大 ,意义深远。目前参政党建设有三个问题应予以重视和切实解决 :全面实现政治交接是参政党建设的核心 ;培养造就一大批新一代代表性人士和领导骨干是参政党建设的关键 ;适量发展优秀成员是参政党建设的基础     

论《治安管理处罚法》在立法技术上的改进

《中华人民共和国立法法》的出台使我国立法上了一个新的台阶,然而,该法并没有对立法技术问题作出专门规定,这便导致我国一系列行政法文件在立法技术上存在缺陷,进而不同程度地降低了法律文件的质量。《治安管理处罚法》作为一部重要的行政法文件在立法技术上较《治安管理处罚条例》大有改进,主要表现在:合理处理与相邻法的关系;适当处置立法授权;酌情控制法规援用;严格规范法律用语;准确厘定调整对象;相对周延规制主体;明确框定裁量幅度;分层设置程序规则;全面拓宽救济路径。     

环境犯罪之预防

环境犯罪的出现及其严重性引发人类对环境变化的思考,发展环境对人类的有利方面,防止、克服环境对人类的不利方面,已成为全世界关注的重要课题。环境犯罪的预防就是根据对环境犯罪原因的分析,采取有针对性的措施,以有效控制、减少环境犯罪发生的社会活动。环境犯罪应当说是社会变迁过程中的综合病症之一,是多种条件和因素共同作用的结果,这其中主要的决定因素为经济诱因和社会现实因素。《刑法》对于环境保护的具体措施即刑罚,在种类选用上应突出自由刑和罚金刑的适用,不适用死刑。另外,还应当注重非刑罚措施的适用。     

Service Quality Effects of Incentive Regulation on Access Service in Telecommunications in the United States

Incentive regulation in the form of price caps was adopted for interstate access service in 1991 as a way to provide local exchange carriers with an incentive to improve their productive efficiency. An issue that has arisen with the adoption of price cap regulation is whether deterioration in service quality for interstate access service has been an unintended consequence. The analysis in this paper uses several different measures of service quality, including the average installation interval, the percent of commitments met, total trouble reports, and the average repair interval for both switched access service and special access service, to investigate empirically whether there has been a decline in service quality between 1991 and 2000. The results are conclusive. Overall service quality has fallen. To rectify the situation, a proposal is offered to adjust the price cap index to penalize LECs who fail to provide an acceptable level of aggregate service quality.     

Economic incentives for the self-regulation of the release of price-sensitive information

Companies, as primary disseminators of information, and financial institutions, as major recipients, have economic incentives to self-regulate the transmission and usage of price-sensitive information. These include increased (lost) reputation costs and adverse share price penalties arising from poor management of information disclosure. The economic motivation for self-regulation is seen as conceptually linked to but distinct from legislative changes. Self-regulation has the strong support of economic efficiency arguments, whereas recent additional new legislative changes do not. This article examines a major corporate and institutional response to the new regulatory climate—to internalize part of the regulatory process during their regular relationship communications. Relationships between the case companies and institutions already exist for transaction purposes. They are used as a convenient and low-cost means to pursue self-regulation and to avoid errors of price-sensitive information release. This self-regulatory process is illustrated using case material. It is clear from the response pattern presented that the development of a self-regulatory framework by the parties has been an iterative one. The corporate and institutional systems that have been evolving seem to be significantly influenced by the regulatory trends. The regulatory changes appear to have played a role in increasing market costs incurred by those companies with poor stock market communication practices. The article ends by arguing that new proposals to change in the formal regulatory system should recognize that further legislation is unlikely to improve the poor prosecution record. Nevertheless, legislative changes can combine with and buttress the self-regulation process to create an effective regulatory system.     

构建科学的高校教师激励机制初探

激励是高校教师管理工作中的核心。目前,我国一些高校对教师激励的重要性还认识不足,激励的手段、方式和措施等方面还存在一些问题。高校在管理中应采取一系列的激励措施,建立健全科学的教师管理激励机制,把教师的工作积极性和创造性最大限度地调动起来,从而有效地促进高校的可持续发展。     

激励机制：防止党员干部精神懈怠的路径选择

当前党员干部中存在的“精神懈怠”现象表现出根源性、隐蔽性、传染性和差异性特征,严重影响了党员干部的思想观念、工作作风及工作能力。精神懈怠现象产生的原因是多方面的,必须多策并举、辨证施治。根据组织行为学的“激励”理论,完善党员干部工作中的激励机制将是一条行之有效的治理举措。具体地说,应以内激励增动力,通过理论创新、教育灌输和文化熏陶等,建构共产党人先进的精神、理想和信仰体系,培育并形成自强不息、昂扬向上的精神动力,促使党员干部不想懈怠;以外激励加推力,通过制度保障、群众参与和科技推动等,形成激励与约束共存、管理与监督并重的良性环境,促使党员干部不能懈怠;以正激励添引力,顺应人的正当的精神和物质需求,采取满足、促进和奖励措施,促使党员干部不愿懈怠;以负激励增压力,通过严格问责、严肃惩戒,形成对党员干部潜在惰性的强大威慑,促使党员干部不敢懈怠。     

地方人大常委会重大事项议决权的法理分析

重大事项议决权是地方人大常委会的一项法定职权.地方人大常委会的这一职权具有从属性、抽象性、综合性.行使重大事项议决权要坚持自主创制性和民主参与性,同时还要注意到实体和程序的结合性.地方人大常委套应就重大事项不议决与议决不当承担相应的法律责任或政治责任.地方人大常委会重大事项议决责任的问责主体有原选区选民和原选举单位两类;问责方式主要是罢免.