Origins and evolution of Maoism in Argentina, 1968–1971

An apparently strange phenomenon in the history of ideas, Maoism was the only new ideological current to emerge in the western Hemisphere after the Second World War. With constant references to popular China, but situated in a local context, Maoism developed as a unique ideology with a particular physiognomy that was forged in the sphere of the political left. In Argentina, the principle organisations that represented it – the Communist Vanguard and the Revolutionary Communist Party – were deeply involved in the class struggles of the industrial proletariat of Córdoba. Following an explication of our understanding of the role of political ideas in labour struggles through the work of the Chilean historical sociologist Tomás Moulian, we describe two foundational phases for these parties: the organisational and ideological. We situate these in the broader context of both the historical development of the working class in Córdoba and the explosive moments of Cordobazo. From here, we assess the tensions and contradictions in these phases and discuss the impact on their efforts to become the ‘vanguard’ party of the working class, thereby showing the importance of tracing the origins and evolution of Maoism for understanding the radical labour history of Córdoba.     

Injustice and outcomes: a comparative analysis of two major disputes

Abstract

Injustice is said to be the cornerstone of collective action, but why is it so important, and how does the way in which it is framed for mobilisation affect the outcomes? This paper compares two lengthy disputes in the Australian electricity industry which demonstrate that a sense of injustice and a history of successful industrial action do not guarantee that a dispute will be resolved to employees’ satisfaction when the wider context is unfavourable. Although leaders of both disputes expressed confidence in success predicated on the outcomes of previous industrial activity, there were specific factors within the industrial, economic and political context which provoked determined employer and government counter mobilisation leading to unsuccessful outcomes for the workers in dispute. The reasons for the poor outcomes are discussed within the context of the framing of the injustice by leaders and the effect of the response of a determined government.     

Unfulfilled promises of the consultation approach: the limits to effective indigenous participation in Bolivia’s and Peru’s extractive industries

Indigenous peoples’ right to prior consultation and to informed consent represents the basis of the new global model shaping state–indigenous relations. Consultation processes promise to enable indigenous people to determine their own development and are especially promoted when extraction projects with significant socio-environmental impacts are planned on indigenous lands. In this article we draw on debates on participatory development in order to analyse the first state-led consultations in Bolivia’s and Peru’s hydrocarbon sectors (2007–14). The analysis shows that effective participation has been limited by (1) an absence of indigenous ownership of the processes; (2) indigenous groups’ difficulties defending or even articulating their own visions and demands; and (3) limited or very general outcomes. The study identifies real-life challenges, such as power asymmetries, a ‘communication hurdle’ and appropriate timing – as well as simplistic assumptions underlying the consultation approach – that account for the unfulfilled promises of this new model.     

Contested Resource Extraction,Anti-Corporate Protests and the Politics of Movement Alliance in Bangladesh

Why do activist groups form alliances and why do some alliances later fall apart? This article asks these questions in the context of a popular mobilisation against resource extraction in Bangladesh. It focuses on the dynamics of a strategic alliance between a locally organised community mobilisation against a British mining company and an urban radical activist group, known for its anti-capitalist activism, to explore the subsequent collapse of the alliance and the demobilisation of one group. Based on the qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with activists and organisational documents, the article probes the underlying causes of rupture. Although several individual and organisational factors are identified, it is argued that Bangladesh’s confrontational political culture and its authoritarian party system played a critical role, with local activists vulnerable to co-optation or being silenced by powerful political actors. The article contributes to social movement scholarship by emphasising that specific political cultures can undermine efforts to build strategic alliances between diverse social movement organisations.     

浅谈保安业突破发展的几点构想

中国保安业已走过22年的风雨历程,取得了可喜的成绩和迅速的发展,但仍存在着职业化水平低,经营业务范围狭窄,经营者管理理念落后,职业稳定性差,从业人员教育训练不到位等诸多问题。寻求保安业的突破与进一步发展,其核心问题：一是政府对保安的社会职能如何规定,对保安职业怎样定位;二是社会公众对保安的理解问题。     

基于系统变量改进的产业结构成长对策研究——发达国家的经验借鉴

产业结构的成长是每个发展阶段的国家都会遇到的问题。各种影响因素之间的博弈决定了产业结构成长的未来走向。该文基于系统科学的思想方法,认为产业结构的成长是多要素共同作用的过程,并且是一个快慢变量共同作用的过程,科技进步是产业结构系统中的快变量,而心智模式则是产业机构系统中的慢变量。通过对发达国家的产业结构成长的经验总结发现,以科技进步促进产业转型的同时,还要持续改进产业系统中的序参量,才能够持续推动中国产业结构的健康成长。     

“东亚文化之都”泉州发展文化产业的路径探索

东亚文化之都”泉州发展文化产业的优势是文化资源丰富,劣势是文化企业小与散;泉州发展文化产业面临的外在挑战是文化资源被共享和文化产业激烈竞争,内在挑战是泉州许多市民逐渐淡忘泉州文化的人文价值;泉州发展文化产业的机会得益于实施文化强国建设战略和当选中国首个“东亚文化之都”,市政府出台鼓励发展文化产业的政策;泉州要加快发展文化产业,需要政府、企业、社会分工协作,不断把文化资源转化为文化产业。     

第三产业与城市化互动关系探析

城市化是工业化的空间聚集表现,工业化推动第三产业的发展,决定了第三产业崛起与城市化都是工业化的产物。城市化是第三产业发展的需求基础,第三产业是城市化重要的经济源泉和后续动力,第三产业与城市化具有互相促进的互动关系。要在工业化进程中推动城市化和第三产业的发展,促进第三产业与城市化的互动关系。     

广东文化产业发展的基本条件分析

发展文化产业是广东全面贯彻落实科学发展观的一项战略抉择。区域产业发展视角下的广东文化产业,具备了若干基本条件,其中文化存量是基础,人才是创新源,环境是保障,政策支持是关键,资本是增值码,技术是助推器。研究总结这些基本条件,对各地发展文化产业决策至关重要。     

我国行业利益集团对规制政策制定过程的影响

规制政策本质上具有对公民和企业的权利进行分配或再分配的特点,中国国际快递委员会通过重点运用游说策略,综合利用智库、媒体等渠道,对快递业的规制政策制定施加了影响,有力地抵制了国家邮政局和邮政企业“政企同盟”的政策意图。因此,如何在今后的利益集团博弈中构筑一个各方充分参与的制度性平台,将成为今后政治体制改革的重要课题。