MORALITY,MARKETS, AND THE ASC: 2011 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS TO THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY*

This Presidential Address explores the possibilities for fruitful multilevel theorizing in criminology by proposing an integration of insights from situational action theory (SAT), a distinctively micro‐level perspective, with insights from institutional anomie theory (IAT), a distinctively macro‐level perspective. These perspectives are strategic candidates for integration because morality plays a central role in both. IAT can enrich SAT by identifying indirect causes of crime that operate at the institutional level and by highlighting the impact of the institutional context on the perception‐choice process that underlies crime. Such multilevel theorizing can also promote the development of IAT by revealing the “micro‐instantiations” of macro‐level processes and by simulating further inquiry into the social preconditions for institutional configurations that are conducive to low levels of crime. Finally, drawing on Durkheim's classic work on occupational associations, I point to the potential role of professional associations such as the American Society of Criminology in promoting and sustaining a viable moral order in the advanced capitalist societies.     

Gang Membership,Drug Selling,and Violence in Neighborhood Context

A prominent perspective in the gang literature suggests that gang member involvement in drug selling does not necessarily increase violent behavior. In addition it is unclear from previous research whether neighborhood disadvantage strengthens that relationship. We address these issues by testing hypotheses regarding the confluence of neighborhood disadvantage, gang membership, drug selling, and violent behavior. A three‐level hierarchical model is estimated from the first five waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, matched with block‐group characteristics from the 2000 U.S. Census. Results indicate that (1) gang members who sell drugs are significantly more violent than gang members that don’t sell drugs and drug sellers that don’t belong to gangs; (2) drug sellers that don’t belong to gangs and gang members who don’t sell drugs engage in comparable levels of violence; and (3) an increase in neighborhood disadvantaged intensifies the effect of gang membership on violence, especially among gang members that sell drugs.     

试论在职公安学员英语学习现状及对策

在职公安学员的英语教学一直是困扰成人英语教师的一个难题.在职公安学员的英语基础较差,学习积极性不高.教师要深入细致地研究和了解教学对象,培养和激发学员学习英语的兴趣,更新教育观念,改善"教"法,教会"学"法,同时也需要教学部门与学生管理部门的充分配合.     

“事功”与“格物”:高校学报的现状及定位

“学术失范”是指学术界的某些方面存在着缺乏规范,或有规不依或规范本身不合理,从而贻害学术事业的现象。一定程度上的学术失范引发了部分学术期刊的“失范”。对于高校学报而言,“学术性”“特色性”是其生命力、竞争力所在。     

国家与经济发展:关于发展问题的深层次思考

研究一个国家的经济发展问题离不开政治因素的讨论。作为政治因素的核心,国家自然应进入我们的研究视野。应建立国家经济学,把政治观念与新古典的分析方法结合起来,探讨经济发展的源泉,揭示经济发展规律,研究经济发展问题。     

学习型公务员队伍建设的主要障碍及对策分析

"全民学习、终身学习"的学习型社会是知识经济时代对人的全面发展提出的新要求。随着改革的深化,学习型政府逐渐成为我国政府改革的方向。公务员是政府机关中集合人才的重要组成部分,加强公务员队伍学习能力,提高公务员队伍的执政能力是创建学习型政府中关键的一环。     

论公务员职位分类制度之创新

职位分类制度是《中华人民共和国公务员法》中最基本的制度设计之一。同《国家公务员暂行条例》中有关职位分类制度的规定相比较而言,《公务员法》中设计的职位分类制度有许多创新之处,具体体现在职位类别划分更为科学、职务序列设置更加多样化、级别的内涵与功能更为明确等几个方面。     

法律的经济分析方法评判

法律的经济分析方法的新颖之处就在于经济方法对传统法律方法的替代。法律的经济分析方法与马克思主义的经济分析法虽然研究风格迥异,但在价值观上存在一致性。作为一种强有力的分析工具,经济方法已经对法学、政治学等诸多领域产生了划时代的革命性的影响,具有不可替代的优势。但法律的经济分析方法存在着不足,它不会也不可能完全代替传统的法律方法。法律的经济分析具有广大的包容力和发展潜力。法律的经济分析的发展将可能更注重价值多样化、更关注动态的法律发展过程。     

行政问责制对地方政府经济行为的影响——制度堕距的视角

行政问责制是构建责任政府的具体制度安排。问责制度在制度设计与制度执行层面存在制度堕距。制度堕距对地方政府经济行为产生重要影响,因此,从制度设计与制度执行层面改进问责制制度文本,消弭制度堕距,有助于构建优良的问责制制度,推动地方政府经济行为合理化。     

我国刑事被害人诉讼权利保护制度的完善

随着诉讼制度的发展,刑事被害人的诉讼地位经历了一个由高到低再逐渐提高的过程。我国修改后的刑事诉讼法提升了被害人的法律地位,并一定程度上强化了其诉讼权利,但在保护被害人诉讼权利方面仍存在着一些不足,应当采取相应的措施加以完善。