Party system nationalization,presidential coalitions,and government spending

This paper argues that there is a strong relationship between geographical patterns of political parties' electoral performance and the composition of central government expenditures. When party system nationalization is high, the composition of spending will focus more on non-targetable expenditures, while targetable expenditures increase as the party system distribution of votes across different districts becomes less homogenous. However, the effect of party nationalization on spending type is conditioned by the size of the presidential coalition; targeted transfers will increase if the coalition size decreases, even if party nationalization is high. I find support for these hypotheses with an empirical analysis of district-level electoral and government expenditure data for several countries in Latin America between 1990 and 2006.     

Government Expenditure News Shock and China’s Employment: A DSGE Perspective

This paper considers a multi-sector NK-DSGE model, then differentiates and compares the effects of news shocks and surprise shocks of non-productive government expenditure and productive government expenditure. The result shows that: (1) the effects of news shocks on employment altered with sector changes; (2) compared to surprise shocks, the effects of news shocks of government expenditure is much bigger; (3) compared to non-productive government expenditure, the effect of news shocks and surprise shocks related to productive government expenditure is much bigger. Then, this paper suggests that, the government should lead the public to form correct expectation, and construct expenditure rule based on the reality, then adjust the expenditure by following the rule. These may be helpful for labor market stabilization by using the positive effect of news shocks related to the government expenditure.     

地方政府计划生育的标准财政支出新测算方法研究

人均支出标准的新的计划生育标准财政支出测算模型以各地区总人口数为基数,结合各地区的少数民族人口比例和农村人口比例来构建,力求客观地反映各个地区计划生育财政支出需求,为地方政府计划生育标准财政支出和中央政府对地方政府在计划生育工作上的转移支付提供科学的依据.     

论公平视角下的财政支出

财政支出调节社会公平主要有直接和间接两种手段。实证分析表明:当前我国财政支持调节社会公平的这两种手段运用都不尽合理。优化我国财政支出缓解社会分配不公的对策,一是加大对直接性公平支出的投入力度,二是合理调整间接性公平支出的规模和结构。     

构建吉林省公共财政支出框架

吉林省已经构建了基本的公共财政支出框架,公共财政支出管理制度改革初见成效。但是财政支出的范围需要更清晰地界定,财政支出的结构需要进一步调整。同时,还需要深化政府职能改革、分税制改革和转移支付制度等配套改革的支持。     

Does the Restrictiveness of State Tax and Expenditure Limitations Affect State Revenues and Expenditures?

This paper examines the impact of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) on state governments. We examine how TELs are represented in empirical modeling. We compare and contrast an index of state-level TEL restrictiveness to a simple dummy variable approach. We use a panel of data for the 50 U.S. states to capture changes in state TELs and a generalized method of moments (GMM) dynamic panel estimator. We find that results vary across the two methods of capturing the presence of TELs, suggesting that simple dummy variables are not sufficient to capture the heterogeneity of TELs across states and over time.     

Utility and excess: the radical sociology of Bataille and baudrillard

This paper consists of three sections. In the first in will attempt it will attempt to establish the theoretical centrality of the contrasting notions of utility and of excess in relation to their treatements within the ‘sociological mainstream’. The second section will introduce antother, radical sociological lineage extending from Nietzsche through Bataille and on to baudrillard. It will be argued that this ineage offers a more adequate approach to the analysis of the linked yet contrasting notions of utility and excess. These concepts will be approached, first, through the notion of general economy, in contrast to the theories and methods of restricted economy, particularly as it operates in the work of Bataille. The theory of Baudrillard will be situated as a treatment of the Problematic of excess in the modern age whereby utility and excess are no longer starkly and simply counterposed. Further, it will argue that Baudrillard's work reveals the importance of a radical theory of contemporary society, one which goes beyond not only restricted explanatory economies but also the notion of general economy itself. it is argued that the dominant strands of modern sociology are ocked within the methodological and theoretical structures of utility and of restricted economy and that this constitutes its fatal weakness. The specific maniestations of excess discussed are social violence, particularly sacrifice and death, transgression, ‘evil’ and the notion of ‘profitless expenditure’. The final section deals, briefly, with the theoretical and material consequences of ture'. The final section deals, briefly, with the theoretical and material consequences of the continue suppression, denial or domestication of this radical or marginal lineage.     

The Accursed Share: Bataille as Historical Thinker

Abstract

This essay addresses Georges Bataille as a historical thinker by concentrating on The Accursed Share (three volumes, 1949-54), the text Bataille took as his master-work. An amalgam of cultural criticism, anthropological and sociological research, The Accursed Share reveals Bataille's temporalised vision of his four central ideas, excess, expenditure, sovereignty and transgression. Grappling with this vision is key for understanding Bataille's oeuvre as a whole because it brings the entirety of his assessments of Western and world culture under its heading. The aim of the paper is to offer a sense, on one hand, of Bataille's dystopic heterology and, on the other hand, the unique formulation of the junctures between economics, power and morality that define him as important for the irruption of post-structural thought specifically, and indeed, the postmodern era as a whole.     

我国公共服务支出优化:理论模型与实证分析

我国最近提出的包容性增长的发展战略,要求政府的财政支出模式由生产建设型财政向公共服务型财政转变。本文用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数回归分析得出:我国公共服务财政支出与经济增长呈正相关,公共服务支出的增加能够促进经济的持续增长。文章进而通过系统动力学仿真模型对公共服务支出的经济增长效应进行政策模拟。根据模型运行结果,本文提出了以下政策建议:公共服务支出的增加是一个渐进过程,更应注重公共服务支出结构的调整,近期教育支出的增长速度应大于科技支出的增长速度。     

论公共教育支出制度的创新——经费制度与凭证制度的比较分析

文章从制度经济学的视角,时教育凭证制度的运行进行比较分析,以找到经费制度与凭证制度在内容、主体角色、行为特征和制度绩效等方面的异同,为教育凭证制度提供支持性证据.