Political Bases for the Dissolution of a Public Corporation: A Nigérian Case

All social theory emphasises that institutions universally play a crucial role in organising the ways in which people live together. At the same time the concept is vaguely defined and used in different ways. Inspired by the pragmatic sociology of critique, we emphasise how institutions enable people and things to hold together and provide important references for action in settings with limited predictability for everyday life. We first analyse how the concept of institutions has been used in scholarship on land tenure in Sudan. We then suggest, using a case study, that increased attention to the different ways in which actors validate or challenge institutions helps to examine the precariousness of institutional orders in the Sudans. This can move Sudan Studies beyond some of the limitations of previous scholarship, such as a tendency towards interpretations that reiterate institutions as timeless, discrete and immutable units such as “traditional” or “modern”.     

近些年粮食生产的效益与补贴分析

粮食安全不能建立在农民粮食种植的超低收入上,也就是不能由农民来承担粮食安全的成本,但建立在国家高额的资金补贴上同样没有出路。当粮食种植的效率收益已经远远大于其原有的社保福利收益的时候,国家就可以考虑用低价收购土地福利。方法是＂地租赎买＂。     

Taxonomies of Squatting: Unlawful Occupation in a New Legal Order

Legal responses to the activity of ‘squatting’ include criminal justice, civil actions, property law and housing policy. Some legal analyses of unauthorised occupation focus on the act of squatting, others on the squatter's claim to title through adverse possession. This paper explores recent developments in the law of adverse possession which have been shaped by particular discursive constructions of both squatters and dispossessed landowners. It develops a ‘taxonomy of squatting’ by mapping the positions adopted by the Law Commission, the legislature and various domestic and European courts, in respect of moral issues thrown up by the doctrine of adverse possession, including the distinction between good faith and bad faith squatting, the landowner's duty of stewardship, and the question of compensation. By unpacking the circumstances in which squatting occurs, the paper develops a series of matrices to classify legal responses to unlawful occupation and to facilitate a more systematic and coherent understanding of law's responses to squatting.     

困境与出路:城市化背景下的集体建设用地使用权流转制度

经济的快速发展使得集体建设用地使用权进入市场已成为必然,现行立法对集体建设用地使用权流转的限制使市场机制难以发挥资源配置的基础作用。为此,确认集体建设用地使用权流转的合法性乃是立法对现实的回应。在集体建设用地使用权领域引入土地出让制度不失为一种低成本、高效益的制度设计,出让合同的客体只能限于商业化利用土地,出让合同的受让人应仅以出让土地所在的乡镇或村范围内的企业为限。允许通过出让途径获得的集体建设用地使用权再次进入流转程序实乃可持续发展战略在立法上的一大体现。     

耕地集约经营与实现土地使用效益最大化探究

本文以梅河口市做好耕地集约规模经营取得的成效为切入点,从政府引导推动土地流转,制定优惠扶持政策为规模经营创造条件,加快农村劳动力转移为规模经营拓展空间等方面分析了梅河口市在耕地集约规模经营上取得的显著成效。同时,针对梅河口市在土地流转过程中存在的问题,从实现土地使用效益最大化的视角,对梅河口市如何做好土地规模经营提出了相关的对策。     

深化农地市场改革的法制保障

农地所有权转让与经营权流转是农村土地市场形成的基本条件。农地规模经营是承包经营权流转的基本动力。依据当前国家政策和法律,国家通过强制征收制度垄断了农地所有权交易市场,农地产权的自由交易仅限于承包经营权流转。实践证明,这种二元交易机制导致效率和公平双重损失。该文提出,深化农地市场改革,重在维护农民的土地权益,防止各种形式的利益侵蚀行为。     

完善我国土地资本化制度的法律思考

土地资本化就是在土地流转起来后,实现自身增值的过程。为此,应建立相应的法律制度。其一,要转变土地立法属性;其二,要健全土地利用规划;其三,要完善土地评估制度;其四,要平等保护集体土地与国有土地权利;其五,要明确农民主体权利;其六,要建立合理的利益分配格局;其七,要构建农地资本化配套措施,如建立农村土地交易机构和土地金融机构。     

论征地补偿费分配的反思与重构

我国征地补偿费分配纠纷数量不断上升，涉及人数众多，矛盾尖锐。征地补偿费分配纠纷的症结在于分配范围不清，分配对象不明和分配方案不公。我国应当拓宽补偿范围，完善补偿费发放制度，明确集体所有权人，确立集体成员的识别标准，设定最高留存比例，健全村民自治，从而确保征地补偿费公正、有序、合理的分配，以构建和谐、稳定的社会主义新农村。     

The land exclusion dilemma and Sumatra’s agrarian reactionaries

Even as millions of rural workers have organized into agrarian movements, their efforts to benefit from progressive social mobilizations often fail. To understand how agrarian movements can overcome these difficulties, this contribution acknowledges a dilemma: As agrarian movement members create ties to land they necessarily confront new forms of exclusion. We discuss this exclusionary land dilemma, with a focus on Sumatra’s agrarian reactionaries as an elite class possessing a potent exclusionary force that seeks to erase agrarian movement legitimacy and block rural workers’ mobilizations to reclaim and occupy land. We trace these agrarian reactionaries’ public life across a state–corporate–criminal apparatus and their repression of two agrarian movement mobilizations. We find agrarian reactionaries’ actions offer a partial explanation for the still-limited gains of Sumatra’s rural workers’ movements. Agrarian reactionaries legitimize their exclusions with nativist, ethno-territorial ideas that co-opt indigenous rights claims. In response, laborers and agriculturalists are now refining a more inclusive land politics – one of greater unifying influence that does not depend upon claims of indigeneity – to overcome reactionary repression.     

农村土地权属管理中存在的问题及解决对策

农村土地权属管理是明确农村土地所有权、使用权归属,化解农村土地权属争议的一项重要管理工作。目前,我国农村土地权属管理中还存在着土地权属争议复杂、处理难度大,立法模糊、适用法律不统一,以及基层土地权属管理制度不够完善等一系列问题。为此,必须进一步完善土地立法,明确土地确权原则,加强依法行政,加大对土地权属争议的调处力度,重视有关土地政策法律的宣传工作,同时注重借鉴其他国家和地区的土地管理经验,从而扎实推进农村土地权属管理工作的有效开展。