领导理念的置换与嬗变--兼论中国共产党执政方式的创新

中国共产党由革命型领导理念向建设型领导理念的转换,是与十一届三中全会后中国的对外开放和以经济建设为中心的战略转移以及全球化进程密切相关的."三个代表"重要思想恰恰是中国共产党自觉关注世界政党兴衰成败,总结自身执政经验教训,实现中国共产党执政理念置换与嬗变的理论根据,也是蕴涵中国共产党执政方式创新和领导角色转换的时代命题.     

我国政治领域女性领导发展中的问题及对策

女性走上政治领导岗位,对国家和社会公共事务有一定的决策权和管理权,在当今世界被视为提高妇女地位的重要方面,也是衡量一个国家社会发展和文明进步的标志之一.我国政治领域的女性领导的发展在党和国家的关怀下取得了一定的成绩,同时也存在着一些不可忽视的问题.本文试图从制度、文化和女性自身等方面对解决这些问题提出对策建议.     

社会性别特征与领导风格性别差异实证研究

本文采用实证的方法探讨了男女两性管理者在个性特征、领导风格方面是否存在差异以及它们之间的相关关系。研究结果表明:在男性化特征上,男性表现的更为明显,但在女性化特征上,男女管理者并不存在显著的差异;在领导风格方面,男性更注重以任务为导向,但在以关心为导向方面,两性管理者不存在显著差异;男性化特征与以任务为导向的领导风格存在正相关关系,而女性化特征与以关心为导向的领导风格存在正相关关系。本文的研究可以为组织挑选合适的管理者提供一定参考。     

真实性领导的特点及其对中国领导培训机制的启示

真实性领导的研究,强调领导的自我发展,突破了国内的领导研究强调技能和行动风格的传统,为中国的领导机制的研究注入了新鲜的理念.文章在澄清真实性领导者、真实性领导关系等基本概念的基础上,提出了真实性领导者的培训对中国领导培训机制的意义.     

坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机统一

党的十六大报告指出 :发展社会主义民主政治 ,最根本的是要把坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一起来。因此 ,弄清三者之间的辩证关系 ,意义重大。党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国是一个相互依存、不可分割的整体。党的领导是支持人民当家作主和实施依法治国的动力与保证 ,人民当家作主是坚持党的领导和依法治国的基础与所要实现的目标 ,依法治国则是坚持党的领导和人民当家作主的重要途径和手段。坚持党的领导 ,就要按照“三个代表”的要求 ,以改革的精神推进党的建设 ,使党始终站在时代的前列 ;就要借鉴人类政治文明的有益成果 ,完善共产党领导下的多党合作和政治协商制度 ,但决不照搬西方政治制度的模式 ;就要在支持人民当家作主和依法治国的实践中改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式。坚持民主协商与民主表决相结合、“多谋”与“善断”相结合、直接民主与间接民主相结合 ,以党内民主带动人民民主 ,不断提高我党运用民主的水平 ;坚持党的领导与尊重国家机关依法独立行使职权相结合、实体公正与程序公正相结合、依法治国与以德治国相结合 ,实现由主要依靠政策办事向主要依靠法律办事转变 ,不断提高我党的依法执政水平。     

浅议授权领导过程

授权领导过程是领导者授权几个有机环节构成的连续工作。授权领导过程中,领导者必须根据授权领导的环节不同而进行不同的领导活动,关注不同的事项,有所为有所不为。授权前,领导者首先必须根据被授权者决定是否授权及其授权大小;其次,根据授权任务的具体情况来决定授权的内容和重点;授权时,要讲究方式方法,明确授权;授权领导过程中,对授权工作任务必须进行适度的监控;授权任务完成后,还要总结经验教训,核查工作,帮助被授权者提高能力,增长知识和经验。     

Michael Howard: The First Jewish Prime Minister?

Initially, Michael Howard seemed the saviour of the divided and disheartened Conservative party, reuniting it in the hope of victory at the next general election. Initially, also, he seemed a match for his fellow barrister, Tony Blair. Though successful at winning over Tory MPs, he was much less effective in relation to all those ex-Tory voters who deserted the party in 1997 and 2001. This failure was confirmed after less than nine months of his leadership, when his party polled poorly at the European elections of June 2004 (where a large slice of the anti-European vote went to UKIP) and came an ignominious third in the Parliamentary by-elections of July 2004. These results, combined with Howard's lacklustre response to the Butler Report, sapped Howard's personal ratings and reopened civil war within the Conservative party.     

Déjà vu? Conservative Problems in Historical Perspective

Since 2001, the Conservative party has found itself in turbulent times. Yet the party has survived similarly difficult periods in the past, eventually recovering its strength and returning to power. Can it do so again? The problems for today's party exist along four key dimensions: leadership, policy, organisation and political circumstances. How grave are contemporary difficulties in each of these areas in comparison to past experience? To what extent is the party now in uncharted waters? Where are there valid historical parallels? The article offers a brief sketch of the lessons that the party needs to learn to recover its election winning formula ‐ an appetite for power and an impressive ability to adapt to changed circumstances. Today's problems are not insurmountable, but the party still has a huge mountain to climb if it is to return to government.     

Followers＇ characteristics and leadership styles： An empirical fit among employees of Pakistan

Over the years, leadership researchers have focused on personality traits and behaviors of the leaders that determine their effectiveness. Contingency theorists, however, argued that ＂effectiveness of leader in any given situation is dependent on the followers＇ characteristics＂, while studying the followers＇ characteristics, most of them were concerned with followers＇ work related characteristics （e.g., ability and willingness to perform their tasks, and dependency of the followers） and needs （need for clarity, need for support, need for supervision, need for independence, and need for leadership）. But very few studies have explored the relationship between followers＇ personality traits and leadership characteristics, and how these personality traits influence the leader＇s ability to adjust their leadership styles. Moreover, the earlier studies either focusing on followers＇ traits or studying the leadership characteristics/styles were based on the data from western countries. Especially, this has been the most neglected area among the behavioral scientists of Pakistan. Therefore, the present study aims at examining the relationship between followers＇ personality characteristics and leadership styles of Pakistani workers and management. For this purpose, the study will utilize personality inventory proposed by Hofstee and de Raad （t992）, and as a result, it will fulfill the stipulations of researchers and practitioners from follower centered approach to leadership.     

Police Corruption and its Prevention

This article has two themes. Firstly, that police corruption is not an individual aberration of an incidental nature that can be readily combated with temporary, repressive measures. The 'new realism' on this maintains that corruption and police misconduct are persistent and constantly recurring hazards generated by the organisation itself. Secondly, there is consensus on effective measures to tackle it and to promote integrity. Ingredients are strong leadership, a multi-faceted organisational strategy, a well-resourced internal affairs unit, proactive techniques of investigation, and persistent efforts to promote professional standards. The essence is a judicious and sophisticated balance between negative and positive social control. Policing is about the rule of law and due process: corruption and other forms of police deviance undermine the legitimacy of the police organisation and by implication the state. A 'clean' police is a crucial barometer of a healthy society. One can have few illusions about the difficulty of achieving this but a comparative review of the experience in four societies - USA, Great Britain, Belgium and the Netherlands - provides clear indicators about reform, control and leadership in fostering integrity and in tackling corruption.