Evaluating the impact of repeated leadership targeting on militant group durability

ABSTRACT

The effects of repeated leadership targeting on militant organizations have been little discussed and quantitatively assessed. This research undertakes to assess the policy’s effectiveness by account for targeting policies’ repeated nature. Analysis of 207 militant organizations between 1970 and 2008 finds that repeated targeting can hasten a group’s demise, but quadratically. While initial targeting interventions actually increase a group’s resilience, a series of successive attacks significantly reduces their survivability. This effect is particularly significant for young organizations. The findings suggest that for targeting to be effective, patience and repeated interventions are required; it is erroneous to conclude its effectiveness based on a single intervention result.     

A Helping Hand? The Moderating Role of Leaders' Conflict Management Behavior on the Conflict–Stress Relationship of Employees

Interpersonal conflict between colleagues within organizations negatively affects employee well‐being (e.g., stress). It is unclear how leaders' third‐party conflict management behaviors influence the relationship between employee conflict and well‐being. In this study, we examine the effects of leaders' perceived conflict management behaviors on the relationship between relationship, task, and process conflicts and the conflict‐related stress (as a measure of well‐being) that employees experience. We tested our expectations using a survey of 145 employees of an insurance company in the Netherlands. The results confirmed our expectations that the perception that leaders engaged in third‐party forcing behavior and avoiding behavior amplified the effects of conflict on conflict‐related stress. Furthermore, we found that leaders' third‐party problem‐solving behavior had a buffering effect on the association between relationship conflict and conflict‐related stress. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

健全党组织领导的充满活力的村民自治运行机制

如何"健全党组织领导的充满活力的村民自治机制",是推进农村政治建设、完善农村自治制度的一项重大课题。笔者认为,当前要在领导机制、工作机制、决策机制、监督机制和村民民主法治意识培养机制等方面着力推进。     

做社会主义事业的建设者--关于加强自由职业者中党外知识分子工作的思考

江泽民同志指出,能不能充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性,是我们事业成败的关键之一,也是衡量党的领导水平和领导艺术的重要标志.加强党对自由职业者中党外知识分子的领导,是当前非公有制企业党建工作的一个重要组成部分,也是党外知识分子内心的期盼.因此,在新阶段必须认真研究和分析这个阶层的产生、现状、地位和作用,探索新的工作思路,实现"团结、引导、教育、帮助"的领导方针,充分发挥统一战线作用,加强对自由职业者中党外知识分子的引导和领导.     

科学马克思主义观的深化与拓展--论党的第三代中央领导集体的马克思主义观

党的第三代中央领导集体的马克思主义观,经历了一个确立、成熟和深入发展的阶段.从发生论、本质论、结构论、特征论和价值论等方面回答了什么是马克思主义的问题;从认真地学习和研究、完整准确地理解、既坚持又发展、不断进行理论创新、理论联系实际等方面说明了怎样对待马克思主义的问题.这一科学的马克思主义观具有重要的理论价值和实践意义.     

三代领导集体与“三个代表”思想

三代领导集体党建理论的核心内容是“三个代表”思想。在不同的历史时期 ,他们的表述不尽一致 ,但精神实质是一致的。“三个代表”是马克思主义建党学说在新的历史条件下的继承和发展 ,是三代领导集体党建理论和实践的总结和发展。     

The allure of technology: How France and California promoted electric and hybrid vehicles to reduce urban air pollution

All advanced industrialized societies face the problem of air pollution produced by motor vehicles. In spite of striking improvements in internal combustion engine technology, air pollution in most urban areas is still measured at levels determined to be harmful to human health. Throughout the 1990s and beyond, California and France both chose to improve air quality by means of technological innovation, adopting legislation that promoted clean vehicles, prominently among them, electric vehicles (EVs). In California, policymakers chose a technology-forcing approach, setting ambitious goals (e.g., zero emission vehicles), establishing strict deadlines and issuing penalties for non-compliance. The policy process in California called for substantial participation from the public, the media, the academic community and the interest groups affected by the regulation. The automobile and oil industries bitterly contested the regulation, in public and in the courts. In contrast, in France the policy process was non-adversarial, with minimal public participation and negligible debate in academic circles. We argue that California's stringent regulation spurred the development of innovative hybrid and fuel cell vehicles more effectively than the French approach. However, in spite of the differences, both California and France have been unable to put a substantial number of EVs on the road. Our comparison offers some broad lessons about how policy developments within a culture influence both the development of technology and the impact of humans on the environment.     

Mandela and excellent African leadership: Theory and lessons for practice from an appreciative thematic analysis

Nelson Mandela is highly regarded as an example of excellent leadership. Yet little has been done in communication studies to describe his leadership communication. Significantly, little has been done to locate and to theorise about his leadership style in relation to the African moral philosophy of ubuntu. the article presents an appreciative thematic analysis of how Mandela’s leadership communication practices were eulogised in tributes written in his memory in selected South African newspapers. An innovative method of appreciative thematic enquiry is used to arrive at three key themes of praise for the leadership of Mandela. Lessons for leadership are drawn out and highlighted.     

Going Beyond Heroic Leaders in Development

Leadership is an under‐studied topic in international development. When the topic is broached it is usually to support what might be called a “hero dependency”: One or other individual is identified as the hero of a past event (or the hero‐to‐be of a future event). This article argues that this dependency is problematic, however, because (i) heroes have not emerged in many contexts for long periods and individuals who may have been considered heroes in the past often turned out less than heroic, (ii) heroes are at least as much the product of their contexts as they turned out to be the shapers of such, and (iii) stories about hero‐leaders doing special things mask the way such special things emerge from the complex interactions of many actors—some important and some mundane. Notions of hero‐leadership in development are less convincing when one appreciates these arguments. Referencing broader work on leadership (and some in the development space itself) the article calls development theorists and practitioners to go beyond the heroic leader perspective in thinking about who leads development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论女性政治参与能力建构

我国倡导妇女参政议政的政策法规并不少,但现实中女性参政比例却一直偏低,究其原因很多,妇女参政能力恐怕是其中重要的制约因素之一。据研究,女性的受教育程度是她们参政意愿、参政程度的主要影响因素。女性受教育程度越高,她们的政治参与度也越高,反之亦然。女性只有全面提升自我,充分发挥自身才能,积极参与和影响国家事务的管理与决策,才能真正获得解放与发展。