Party knowledge and candidate knowledge: constituency campaigning and voting and the 1997 British General Election

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the electoral impact of constituency campaigns in British General Elections. Much is now known about the electoral consequences of local campaigns on parties’ constituency vote shares. Yet more remains to be discovered about the impacts of these local campaigns on voters’ knowledge of parties and candidates. Analysis of data from the 1997 British General Election demonstrates that the local campaign is associated with improved voter knowledge of who is standing for each party in a constituency, which is, in its turn, associated with an increased chance of voting for the party in the election, other things being equal. Campaign efforts at different scales, from the national to the local, have different impacts on voters’ knowledge.     

奸淫幼女若干问题探析

根据我国现行刑法的规定,奸淫幼女构成犯罪的,应定为强奸罪;奸淫幼女既遂的认定标准应采取"插入说";奸淫幼女构成犯罪应以明知奸淫的对象是幼女为要件。刑法有必要增设独立的奸淫幼女罪。     

陕西高新技术产业人力资本问题探讨

高新技术产业的发展与高新技术人才的使用在知识经济时代发生着革命性的变革,人力资本的管理理念是这一变革的核心,人力资本的定价和计量方法则至为关键。陕西发展和建设关中地区高新技术产业带,首先要分析区域的人力资本现状,进而应用人力资本的基本原理和方法,建立适合陕西高新技术产业实际情况的人力资本评价和激励机制。     

知识契合与学科整合——以刑事学科一体化为视角的犯罪学解释

刑事一体化是科学知识整合的必然结果。在由学科分化走向学科整合的过程中,学科的界域并不是绝对固定和清晰的。专业槽的构筑体现了本学科的内在规定性,但它不应当成为学科整合的障碍。借助于贝卡利亚的思路,我们可以了解犯罪学的诞生与新刑法的问世所依据的整合机制。贝卡利亚的《论犯罪与刑罚》不是刑法学自身发展的产物,而是人文主义和启蒙主义的产物,同时也是知识整合的产物。     

高校的人权教育研究

尊重和保障人权,是人类社会进步的重要成果和现代文明社会的重要标志。人权教育的目标在于人权意识的提升和人权知识的普及。高校教育是将教育链接社会的一个转折点,大学生即将走向社会,成为公共权力的行使者,因此对大学生进行人权保护教育是相当必要的。     

古希腊哲学中的灵魂问题初探

在古希腊哲学中,从泰勒斯、毕达哥拉斯到赫拉克利特、德谟克利特,再到柏拉图和亚里士多德,都对灵魂问题进行了阐释,分别赋予灵魂概念以物质、精神、运动、认识论和主体性的意义,并以灵魂问题为切入点,在人类认识史上开启了哲学基本问题的研究,从而使灵魂问题成为古希腊哲学中一个重要的基本问题.     

La resistencia al programa fuerte en la sociología del conocimiento: la asepsia científica y la amenaza del relativismo

In this article we defend the plausibility of adopting a Strong Program in the Sociology of Knowledge. We critically analyze various objections against it; in particular, we show that the auto-refutation charge is not decisive. We offer a Mertonian hypothesis to explain the reason why the Strong Program continues to be the target of very passionate attacks and mockery, despite its prima facie attractiveness and its affinity with contemporary epistemology. Such hypothesis suggests that at least some of the passionate arguments against the Strong Program are motivated by outrage occurring as a result of the violation of a central value of scientific endeavor.     

在知识创新中加速推进经济发展

在知识经济时代,知识的丰裕程度和创新是经济发展的决定性因素,对知识资源的开发利用水平,将从根本上决定一个国家经济增长的速度和质量.因此,大力建构以知识创新为核心的新经济增长动力机制,大力发展我国的知识产业.大力加强知识资源管理,对加快我国产业结构的优化升级,推进国有企业改革和现代化建设,深化分配制度改革等无疑具有极其重要的意义.     

What role does gender have in shaping knowledge that underpins the practice of midwifery?

Midwifery is an ancient profession that continues to be practiced almost exclusively by women. This paper explores the role that millennia of gender exclusivity has had in shaping the knowledge that informs the profession. Prior to the Renaissance this knowledge was exclusively female, largely oral, tacit and intuitive whilst recognising childbearing as an important transformative period in a woman’s lifecycle. Male scientific enquiry in the seventeenth century into human anatomy extended to women’s bodies and childbirth and disrupted the female ways of knowing. Their positivist ontology focussing on the mechanics of childbirth created an opportunity for intervening in a normal process and receiving payment for it. The perceived structural superiority of a male obstetric ontology of childbirth has posed an existential threat to the midwifery profession. This paper concludes by discussing how 20^th century professional regulation of midwifery has encouraged midwives to use patriarchal structures and frameworks of knowledge to co-exist within the hegemonic biomedical model advocated by the majority of their obstetric colleagues.     

知识创新与社会进步

不同条件下知识创新的性质不同,由此表现出社会进步的内容也不同;知识创新推动着知识的社会化与社会的知识化,成长为经济与社会发展的主导力量;知识创新的历史作用与社会发展程度密切相关,随着社会的进步,它将获得更大的力量与发挥更大的作用.