以科学发展观为统领不断推进工会工作创新发展

中关村科技园区海淀园是中国第一个高新技术产业开发区,汇聚了15000多家高新技术企业。目前园区基层工会组织多是小而分散,工会会员呈高学历、高素质、高收入群体特点。工会工作按照传统的组织体系和工作方式难以有效运作。因此,园区各级工会必须适应形势,在基层建设和工作领域方面走向社会化、网络化和开放化,从实际出发,建立健全工会组织体系,以科学发展观为统领,以维权为重点,围绕园区的稳定和发展,发挥工会组织的积极作用。     

基因距离、隐性知识与跨国知识流动

知识的有效传播和创造需要同时掌握显性知识和隐性知识。“知识螺旋”(SECI)模型阐述了隐性知识与显性知识之间的相互转化,提示相近的基因距离能有效促进隐性知识的传播,从而促进跨国知识流动。基于45个国家在1987—2006年期间的专利互引情况的研究表明：在控制了地理距离、语言和宗教等因素后,基因距离这一生物学特征仍然显著阻碍着跨国知识流动;基因距离的阻碍作用在地理距离较小、共同语言和共同宗教的国家间更强;跨国知识流动能解释基因距离对收入差异影响的50%。因此,国家之间的深层次差异仍然阻碍着隐性知识的传播。我国需要加强国际间人才流动、支持出国留学、扩大学术交流、利用开放网络改革教育方式等措施,促进隐性知识传播,减少跨国知识流动的障碍。     

大数据，认知与计划经济——与何大安教授商榷

数据是明晰的,客观的,而信息本质上是主观的,隐含的和实践的,数据被个体理解之后才会转化成“他的”信息。人们在使用数据之前先会判断该数据的重要性,这种判断因人因时因地而异,而大数据本身并不能替个人做出这样的判断。信息分散在无数人的头脑中,不能被某个头脑或超级计算机集中掌握。个体确定目标后,才能决定把什么样的数据作为手段来实现自己的目标,否则他会在海量的数据面前不知所措。数据是人们行动的产物。作为“历史”,数据本身不能告诉人们未来他们应该做什么。另外,没有市场的运行,甚至数据本身都不可能产生。正确的进路应该是“让个体的知识得以充分利用”,而不是何大安教授提出的“改善个体的认知”。何大安教授预设的“智慧大脑”类似于计划经济中的“中央计划委员会”,他对“普通大脑”的认知和“智慧大脑”的认知趋同的欲求,也正如中央计划委员会试图让普通大众服从于它的指令。正是市场对分散信息的分散利用使个体在固有的认知局限的情况下也有可能实现自己的目标,而大数据不能扮演同样的角色。何大安教授有关认知与大数据的讨论仍属于新古典经济学的“最大化”范式,他没意识到市场是一个互动（交换）过程,最大化范式并不适用。     

The Role of Perceived Parental Knowledge on Emerging Adults’ Risk Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the relation between parents’ knowledge of their emerging-adult children and emerging adults’ risk behaviors. Participants included 200 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 (121 women, 78 men; M _age = 19.59, SD = 1.62) and both of their parents. Results revealed that knowledge of the emerging-adult child’s activities varied as a function of parent- and child-reports, and that child outcomes associated with parental knowledge were generally positive, including less drinking, drug use, and risky sexual behavior (although this varied as a function of reporter). The links between maternal knowledge and lower drug and alcohol use were particularly strong in the presence of maternal closeness. Implications for understanding the parent–child relationship during the transition to adulthood were discussed.

公安学、警察学及其相互关系

公安即社会安全 (Socialsafety) ,是指人类社会的安全、稳定和秩序。公安学 (Socialsafetytheory)是关于人类社会安全问题的学问 ,研究什么是人类社会的安全 ,为什么人类社会会出现安全问题 ,怎样才能实现人类社会的安全 ,其主要范畴有安全、稳定、秩序和与之对应的战争、动乱、恐怖、灾害等。警察是指对人类社会的安全、稳定和秩序的守护 ,即对于侵害社会安全的事物的预防、察知、警报和即时抗击。警察学 (policetheory)是关于如何预防、察知、警报和即时抗击侵害社会安全的事物的学问 ,研究什么是警察 ,为什么要警察 ,怎样警察 ,其主要范畴有警察、安全、危害、犯罪等。公安学与警察学是两个区别很大的学科 ,但两者间的联系也不能忽视。     

论犯罪学意义上犯罪的刑事违法性

本文主要通过比较犯罪学和刑法学在看待犯罪的基本属性上的差别 ,推导出犯罪学特有的犯罪基本属性 ,即违反否定性的社会规范性。     

论新闻工作者的现代意识

为适应知识经济时代的要求 ,增强现代意识 ,提高现代素质 ,是新闻队伍建设的当务之急。新闻工作者应解放思想 ,更新观念 ,更新知识 ,努力创新     

Is there a global environmental justice movement?

One of the causes of the increasing number of ecological distribution conflicts around the world is the changing metabolism of the economy in terms of growing flows of energy and materials. There are conflicts on resource extraction, transport and waste disposal. Therefore, there are many local complaints, as shown in the Atlas of Environmental Justice (EJatlas) and other inventories. And not only complaints; there are also many successful examples of stopping projects and developing alternatives, testifying to the existence of a rural and urban global movement for environmental justice. Moreover, since the 1980s and 1990s, this movement has developed a set of concepts and campaign slogans to describe and intervene in such conflicts. They include environmental racism, popular epidemiology, the environmentalism of the poor and the indigenous, biopiracy, tree plantations are not forests, the ecological debt, climate justice, food sovereignty, land grabbing and water justice, among other concepts. These terms were born from socio-environmental activism, but sometimes they have also been taken up by academic political ecologists and ecological economists who, for their part, have contributed other concepts to the global environmental justice movement, such as ‘ecologically unequal exchange’ or the ‘ecological footprint’.     

Quality Management in Public-Sector Organizations: Evidence from Six EU Countries

Although there is considerable evidence for the hypothesis that an efficient use of management techniques is the key to a good public service delivery, a lot of studies come to the conclusion that there is only partial, reluctant implementation or even a general lack of the use of such techniques by public managers. This paper examines the determinants for the use of quality management techniques in public sector organizations from six EU countries. It turns out that especially more organizational autonomy and result control appear to be of importance while, surprisingly, the combination of these variables leads to negative results.     

Effects on Knowledge of Nudging Citizens with Information

Nudging is a policy instrument that can affect citizen behavior, often by providing information. We argue that nudging can also affect citizens’ knowledge, which can become the basis for future choices. In this manner, providing information can make the nudging initiative stick. We test the effect of an information treatment on three types of knowledge in a field experiment. The treatment consists of information on reading strategies designed to nudge parents to read with their children, randomly assigned to 1438 families. We show how nudging by providing information does in fact increase parents’ knowledge, irrespective of socio-economic background.