家人：两岸关系新文化结构探析

中国大陆一贯坚持以“一家人”的思维来处理对台关系，在新一届中央领导集体成立以后更为明显。本文尝试在社会建构主义三种文化结构即霍布斯文化、洛克文化和康德文化之后，结合两岸关系特殊性和中国文化传统提出“家人文化”这一概念，并以此来观察大陆对台决策思维。其次，本文在分析两岸60余年来所建构和正在形塑的文化结构的基础上，展望未来家人文化结构深度内化以后的两岸政治、经济、社会结构形态，并提出形成家人文化结构的若干关键环节。     

从“问题中国”到“理解中国”——当下中国司法理论研究立场的转换

当＂司法＂日渐成为一个公共话题,有关司法问题的讨论就不再只是一个单纯的技术或者专业问题,而成为一个日常性的生活话题;有关司法问题的理论研究也不再只是一种纯粹的学术活动,而更是一种公共知识的生产与再生产活动。这意味着当下中国有关司法问题理论研究的立场必须要从＂问题中国＂转向＂理解中国＂,既要从中国社会转型以及中、西方互动交往的宏大场景出发,也要在当下社会现实生活的微观场域里来理解当下中国司法的问题。同样,有关司法的理论既要从中国人的生活哲学与生存性智慧中获致论证资源,也要在中、西方的共识中夯实司法知识的基础。唯有此,当下中国的司法理论研究才能够生产和再生产出具有公共性的司法知识产品,才能够更好地服务于日常生活的同时建构起自身的理论体系。     

The Unity of Knowing and Doing: The Course of Social Work Action Research

By reviewing the history of social work, it shows a clear picture that both clinical social work and community work are "made out of" doing. This article, based on this essential attribute of social work, proposes that the cycle of action research as the course of combining theory and practice of social work by three reasons. First of all, the ethos of community practice is not only the starting point of social work practice and the action research, but also the drive for continue doing professional practice and action research. Secondly, sociological imagination is the ability produced in practice through rationality, including activities to change the reality. Thirdly, the unity knowledge of knowing and doing is not a single cycle from sense to sensibility, but an endless cycle of both. After more than 10 years of practicing in rural development and anti-poverty social work practices, the author argues that the concept of sociological imagination proposed by C. Wright Mills is not only a critical perspective about how personal life in relation to the society we live in, but also a possible solution for our daily life.     

BEYOND ADOLESCENCE‐LIMITED CRIMINOLOGY: CHOOSING OUR FUTURE—THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY 2010 SUTHERLAND ADDRESS*

For over a half century, criminology has been dominated by a paradigm—adolescence‐limited criminology (ALC)—that has privileged the use of self‐report surveys of adolescents to test sociological theories of criminal behavior and has embraced the view that “nothing works” to control crime. Although ALC has created knowledge, opposed injustice, and advanced scholars’ careers, it has outlived its utility. The time has come for criminologists to choose a different future. Thus, a new paradigm is needed that is rooted in life‐course criminology, brings criminologists closer to offenders and to the crime event, prioritizes the organization of knowledge, and produces scientific knowledge that is capable of improving offenders’ lives and reducing crime.     

试析曼海姆知识社会学理论

曼海姆通过对现代认识论与心理学研究问题的分析,提出了以环境决定知识和群体知识决定个人知识等观点为核心的知识社会学理论。他认为以往知识理论都是政党政治的产物,而知识社会学建立的目的是为了建构一门超党派、为人类服务的纯客观的知识体系。尽管他的知识社会学理论深化了存在论向度的知识问题研究,但由于其对社会问题把握缺失总体性综合式研究思路与方法,因而显得抽象、空洞并难以实现。     

论犯罪构成新体系之常识、常理、常情化

犯罪构成新体系的常识、常理、常情化是刑法的常识、常理、常情化的一个极其重要的体现和组成。犯罪构成新体系的常识、常理、常情化是其人权保障机能的根本保障,有其必然性、道德性、价值性与环节性。犯罪构成新体系的常识、常理、常情化始于罪状形合性的常识、常理、常情化而终于应受刑罚惩罚性的常识、常理、常情化,而应受刑罚惩罚性的常识、常理、常情化不仅积累着始于罪状形合性的常识、常理、常情化,而且还要求着刑罚目的和刑事政策的常识、常理、常情化。     

构建危机应对协同联动机制的思考

现代社会复杂性和集约性酝酿着复合性的危机灾难,要求建立综合性、协同性的危机应对模式。传统政府结构中的管理壁垒、区域壁垒、条块壁垒严重制约了综合协同应对模式的产生,过多依赖于“高位介入”来实现协同联动,需要从组织机构建设、协同联动运行机制设计、信息资源共享、信息技术应用等方面来突破各类壁垒,构建综合性协同性的危机应对模式。     

The Role,Scope and Scale of Local Government in New Zealand: Its Prospective Future

This article contributes to the current debate as to the role, scope and scale of local government in New Zealand. In 2008, the Nationals Local Government Minister announced his intention to undertake a fundamental review of local government in NZ. This review finally took shape in mid 2011 with the publication of the consultation document ‘Smarter Government, Stronger Communities: towards better local governance and public services’ ( Hide 2011 ). This article adds to the debate by identifying four key themes within the NZ local government system, namely: the legislative framework; managerial capabilities; calibre of elected members and finally democratic deficit and community disengagement. Whilst the first two themes are undoubted strengths, the latter two are equally weaknesses in the local governance system of NZ. Hence the article makes a number of recommendations, seeking to exploit the strengths and to correct the weaknesses in order to create a robust and credible local governance system for NZ.     

生物资源相关传统知识保护中的利益平衡

由于传统知识保护问题的国际讨论在短期内难以取得实质性进展,通过国内立法保护本国利益是各国目前的最佳选择。我国现有立法对传统知识的保护远远不够,而其中对生物资源相关传统知识的保护尤为紧迫。国际社会提出并实践了知识产权、事先知情同意、信息披露等一系列制度,在这些制度设计当中,生物资源相关传统知识利用者利益与持有者利益之间、持有者利益与公共利益之间以及持有者内部利益之间,存在或多或少的冲突,它们都需要利用利益平衡的基本原则来调和,采取放松程序限制、限定保护对象范围、设置强制许可制度等措施,多管齐下,力求生物资源相关传统知识保护立法能实现各方利益的平衡。     

《气候变化框架公约》履行的环境法解释与方案选择

《气候变化框架公约》及其议定书是人类应对气候变化所制定的总体规划和实施细则,但是,由于其和其他环境法公约一样具有环境法的"软法"特质,一些《气候变化框架公约》的履行机制出现了许多值得探究的边白。以"震慑型"方案还是"激励型"方案为主,需要从《气候变化框架公约》的履行理论切入,深入剖析,对此两种方案进行理论、实证博弈分析,得出《气候变化框架公约》履行方案的应有选择,为今后其他国际环境条约的履行提供相关指导。