关于美国横向并购反垄断审查政策最新发展的述评

2010《横向并购指南》体现了美国政府关于横向并购反垄断审查政策最新发展。一方面,2010《指南》维持了1992《指南》中一些重要的方面,同时,2010《指南》也对1992《指南》作出了较大的修改。2010《指南》所体现的横向并购反垄断审查政策和以前相比,审查重点有所变化,审查过程更灵活,分析工具更多元化,审查中考虑更多的因素,审查范围会更广,而审查的门槛也有所提高。     

企业合并行为的竞争法分析

对企业合并进行控制是竞争法的基本内容,而其中最核心的问题,是评价企业合并行为所依据的实体标准。基本内容包括对合并行为的反竞争影响,及其产生的积极效果。由于企业合并主要是通过改变市场结构而影响竞争,因而在对其进行分析时,一般首先分析合并行为对所在市场集中度产生的影响,这主要通过赫芬达尔指数来反映,对于发生在指数较低的市场上,或发生在集中度较高的市场上,但并未导致指数大幅度提高的企业合并行为,认定其不会产生严重的反竞争效果,可以批准。其他的合并行为则要由竞争主管机关进一步分析,主要考察该行为的反竞争效果,包括单边效果与协调效果;然后再考察存在哪些抵消因素。经过比较后,如果积极效果大于消极效果,则予以批准。     

关于跨国并购的法理思考

跨国并购正成为国际直接投资领域一个引人注目的现象。为充分利用跨国并购大规模引进外资 ,加快我国经济建设 ,应当构建内容协调一致 ,程序高度透明的相关法律体系 ,不断优化我国投资的法制环境     

关于我国外资并购的若干法律思考

随着我国对外开放的加快和投资环境的优化,我国外资并购日趋活跃,并表现出行业的选择性、对象的特定性、方式的多样性等发展特点和动向。外资并购对我国的经济发展既有积极促进作用,又存在某些消极影响。我国应针对外资并购所暴露出的规避外资政策和法律、国有资产流失和中方合资人利益受损、形成垄断或垄断之威胁等问题,加快相关政策和法律制度的研究和建设,以趋利避害,提高外资利用绩效,保障国家经济安全与可持续发展。     

对外资跨国并购我国企业的法律规制研究

近年来,我国外国投资领域外资并购我国企业的步伐加快,规模加大。外资并购给我国带来的影响既有积极的一面,也有消极的一面。但从总体上讲,外资并购我国企业对于我国来讲仍然是利大于弊。但实践中不少规模较大的并购个案引发了一系列新的法律问题,因此,建立一套健全而完善的法律监管体系来规制外资并购行为,可能使我们以最小的代价赢得最大的收益。     

Problems and process: European merger control and how to use it

This paper seeks to explore some of the public affairs principles involved in the EU mergers and acquisitions regulatory process, which affects most corporate restructuring of a European scope. Following a brief overview of the EU merger review process and the main role of public affairs in such cases, the paper explores some of the more sensitive issues that demand public affairs activities, and issues that are raised by public affairs activities. The paper focuses on the open nature of the EU merger review process, which allows for wide consultation; the imperfections within the EU merger review process, which lead to confusion as to where the exact point of decision lies; and the fact that the process is only quasi‐legal, so that competition policy and industrial policy considerations may filter into the regulator's assessment. The impact of politics is also explored; from high‐profile political interventions to low‐key political negotiations. Finally, there is a review of the perception of lobbying and the question of the legitimacy of the public affairs discipline in the context of EU merger control. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications     

外资跨国并购趋势与我国国有经济的战略调整

外资跨国并购是当今国际资本流动的新趋势,它反映了跨国公司在面临世界经济一体化过程中战略行为的调整。鉴于这种国际直接投资方式发展的必然性,我们应从开放条件下如何发展国内经济的深层次角度出发,积极主动地利用它,让跨国并购方式在我国国有经济战略调整中发挥积极作用。     

‘We are not merging on an equal basis’: the desegregation of southern teacher associations and the right to work, 1945–1977

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the history of southern teacher association mergers during the Civil Rights Movement. Desegregated teacher associations promised opportunity for black educators during the transformation of public schools in the 1960s and 1970s. Southern black educators at the moment of desegregation controlled the mergers of their own associations and carried forth a civil rights agenda that protected the gains of the movement and the integrity of their professional labor. Threatened with widespread unemployment and the perils of working under white school officials committed to segregation, black educators defended their right to teach in a newly desegregated and volatile work environment. White teacher associations responded by pursuing a ‘right to work’ in desegregated schools that built upon the rhetoric of conservative and antiunion ideology. The perennial yet evolving tensions that underpinned the merger highlights the limitations of the Civil Rights Movement, which promised opportunity yet ironically put forth new forms of resistance that deprived black teachers of the equity they sought through desegregation. The conflict inherent to the merger of education associations provides a nuanced perspective by which to understand desegregation as it precipitated fractures and tensions still evident in the teaching profession today.     

论健全企业兼并的知识产权审查制度

当前,企业基于知识产权战略而进行兼并呈现增多的趋势,兼并中的知识产权问题日益引起了企业和政府的关注。这反映了知识产权已成为当今社会发展的基础性战略资源,兼并不再仅仅是企业外延式增长的基本方式,基于企业知识产权战略而进行的兼并将成为知识经济社会企业内涵式增长的主要途径之一,甚至关乎国家安全和社会公共利益,对于增强企业核心竞争力具有重要意义。然而,我国企业兼并审查制度中的知识产权审查尚不够规范。政府应健全企业兼并知识产权审查制度,完善相关法规,明确审查的目的、依据和原则,赋予兼并审查机构对重大兼并活动进行知识产权审查的职权,明确审查的内容和程序,充分发挥知识产权在优化经济结构、转变经济发展方式中的作用,提升企业和国家的自主创新能力。     

实施“走出去”战略 谋求国际化发展——秦川机床工具集团跨国并购投资案例解析

党的十六大确定实施"走出去"战略以来,秦川集团采取先并购美国UAI公司、后组建QCA公司等一系列举措,成功打开了北美高端市场,实现了国际合作研发。中国企业在实施"走出去"战略时,投资对象必须符合自身战略发展的需要,彼此间能够形成战略协同;对合作对象必须具备系统整合能力,能够做到运营受控;对合作对象必须具备文化渗透能力,能够实现相互融合。