Women's Musical Lives: Self-Managing a Freelance Career

While opportunities for women have certainly improved and they are far better represented today in a range of music sectors, Creative and Cultural Skills (2010) found that women occupy only 32.2% of all music industry related jobs, they earn less, give up their careers sooner and experience more barriers to progression than their male counterparts. It has been shown that while ‘creative labour’ can be rewarding and fulfilling it is also a source of (self-) exploitation, is insecure, involves long hours, entails working for low or no pay, through the gifting of free labour, requires high levels of commitment from a normatively younger worker and results in bulimic patterns of work. It appears that the contested nature of creative work may have particular implications for female freelance musicians but, hitherto, very little critical attention has been paid to their experiences. Using an innovative methodological approach combining visual social research methods and digital ethnography, this paper presents the findings of an exploratory study into the working lives of five professional female musicians based in London and the South West of England. It examines the nature of their work and seeks to understand how freelance careers are experienced, supported and developed. The findings suggest that this is often contingent on the context of the work, its purpose, the types of work the musicians undertake and the meanings they attribute to their various musical activities.     

《形而上学》中研究方法的动态转变及其带来的统一

《形而上学》是由一些杂乱的讨论抽象对象问题的文章所构成,不同章节间有时会出现矛盾,但我们从中可以看出亚里士多德为追求真理所做的种种探索和清晰的思想发展历程。这种发展尤其体现在亚里士多德将研究本体的方法由静态向动态的转变上。亚里士多德通过转变研究方法,化解了许多静态研究下产生的矛盾,并完成了自身理论的统一。     

论科学发展观与法学方法论的生态化

本文通过厘清法学方法论的历史演变规律,指出了应用现有法学方法论诉诸法律来解决环境问题之乏力,并认为科学发展观作为崭新的发展观,是对传统发展观的反思和超越,它将引发一系列价值观念的变革。这一变革反映在法哲学领域,则主要是触发了法学方法论的创新和法律生态化的趋向。     

法律逻辑研究对象新论

在新的情境下，法律逻辑学的研究对象可做新的定位：法律逻辑学是研究法律思维的逻辑学科，是法学与逻辑学的交叉，是面向法律制度、法律实践和法律适用的应用逻辑，是法学方法论的理论基础和重要的组成部分。     

Social and Scientific Influences on the Measurement of Criminal Victimization

The National Crime Victimization Survey has been informed by decades of methodological research on the measurement of victimization. Yet most criminologists have little knowledge of the process or outcomes of this research or its effects on the characteristics of the survey. Using in-house reports, conference papers, agency memoranda, and other documents, this paper describes some of the important methodological research that has taken place since the 1992 redesign of the survey. Much of the more recent research is the consequence of new initiatives for the survey, such as the measurement of hate crime victimization and victimization among the developmentally disabled, as well as periodic supplements. This research finds that the current characteristics of the NCVS reflect decisions made on the basis of methodological research, broader social and political factors, and budgetary constraints.     

“三个代表”重要思想是一个完整的科学体系

"三个代表"重要思想坚持马克思主义的世界观和方法论,进一步回答了什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义的问题,创造性地回答了建设什么样的党和怎样建设党的问题,并为回答这些重大问题提出了一系列紧密联系、相互贯通的新思想、新观点、新论断,形成了一个完整的科学体系.     

存在论、生存论与生成性方法论旨趣

通过对哲学观从拟科学到拟价值嬗变的观察,马克思、海德格尔对形而上学的颠覆的双重理论视域及二者关系体现为:海德格尔分析传统形而上学的同时,又营建了有限性的形而上学,而马克思在对传统形而上学颠覆的同时,也消除了海德格尔的形而上学。马克思与海德格尔有关本体论思想价值取向的巨大反差,在于生存论方法性旨趣与形而上学性的本质主义的基础存在论。     

法律渊源的方法论思考

法律渊源的形态是适用法律的前提,在法律的适用中,要实现平等、和谐的法律秩序,就要使法院享有对个案的违宪审查权和宪法解释权,具有对违宪的法律享有不适用的权力;法院应运用体系解释和漏洞补充的方法来创造和实现法律秩序的统一。在法律渊源的适用中,解决法律条文的竞合的规则有:上位法优于下位法;特别法优于普通法;后法优于前法;由制定机关裁决。     

利益分析:研究政策执行问题的基本方法论原则

政策执行本质上是相关政策主体之间基于利益得失的考虑进行的一种利益博弈过程。利益对于政策执行问题的研究是一个极为重要的范畴。政策与利益有着密不可分的联系,政策执行主体的行为从根本上受利益驱动,主体利益矛盾或冲突的客观必然性决定了政策执行阻滞现象发生的现实可能性,如果不对利益的本质及其与政策的关系有所了解,就很难理解人们在政策执行过程中的行为动力,更谈不上对政策执行问题进行深入探讨。因此,利益分析理应成为我们研究政策执行问题必须遵循的基本研究方法论原则。