论马克思主义对生态文明建设的指导作用

马克思主义对生态文明建设具有重要的目标导向作用、方法论意义和现实启示。马克思主义所追求的共产主义社会包含深远的生态意蕴,对生态文明建设具有目标导向作用;马克思主义的全人类视野、群众立场、实践观点、辩证方法和未来向度对生态文明建设具有重要的方法论意义;马克思主义对生态文明建设的现实启示在于建立空间相对有限的自然观、重视对资本生态负效应的规避和致力于促进人的自由全面发展等方面。     

个人主义方法论与私法

在如何处理个人与社会的关系问题上存在着个人主义与整体主义两种不同的思想体系,而它们各自又呈现为价值论的与方法论的两种不同的形态。仅就法学而言,个人主义方法在私法中处于基础地位,是私法研究无可替代的方法,而整体主义方法在私法中只存在着非常有限的适用空间。个人主义方法论在私法中具体表现为私人主体、私人利益、私人自治、自己责任、权利本位、形式平等、交换正义、程序正义与主观价值论等范畴。虽然现在学界已自觉不自觉地在私法领域中运用个人主义方法论,但由于整体主义的影响无处不在, 提倡、张扬个人主义方法论仍具有相当的必要性。     

Tremors but no Youthquake: Measuring changes in the age and turnout gradients at the 2015 and 2017 British general elections

In the aftermath of the 2017 UK General Election, some claimed that Labour performed unexpectedly well because of a surge in youth turnout. Polling estimates for the size of this ‘youthquake’ ranged from 12 to 21 points amongst 18–24 year olds. Using conventional and Bayesian statistical methods, we analyse British Election Study and British Social Attitudes random probability surveys and find no evidence of a shift in the relationship between age and turnout of this scale. Using the pooled BES and BSA reported turnout data with an informative prior that there was a modest increase in 18–24 turnout (N{6, 3}), our 95% credible interval for that change is between 0.9 and 8.8 points. Even with a strong youthquake prior (N{15.5, 3.5}), our data suggest that there is only a 4% probability that the change in turnout amongst 18–24 years olds was 12 points or higher.     

Psychophysiology in the Study of Political Communication: An Expository Study of Individual-Level Variation in Negativity Biases

The use of psychophysiological measures has been relatively common in the study of communication; there has been a recent increase in interest among political behavioralists as well. There has nevertheless been a limited body of work that uses psychophysiological measures to better understand the impact of political mass media content. This article presents the case for using psychophysiological measures to study political communication. Focusing on skin conductance, it outlines the advantages of this measure for capturing subconscious responses to media over time, second-to-second. It then presents results from recent experimental work in the United States that highlights individual-level variation in responsiveness to negative versus positive news content—variation that is correlated with measures of psychophysiological reactions to non-news content, suggesting the relevance of deep-seated predispositions in psychophysiological research on media effects.     

习近平关于工人阶级与工会工作的重要论述是开创新时代工会工作新局面的 行动指南

党的十九大取得最重要的理论成果,就是确立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,使之成为我们党的根本指导思想,成为实现中华民族伟大复兴"中国梦"的根本指导思想。习近平关于工人阶级与工会工作的重要论述作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分,是指导新时代我国工运事业的根本观点和根本方法,为从规律层面深刻把握工人阶级地位和作用、认识和指导新时代的工会工作提供了"伟大认识工具"和重大指导原则,并从问题的本质层面为新时代工运新难题的破解、开创工运事业新局面指明了方向,是推动新时代工会理论创新、制度创新与实践创新的强大思想武器。     

公法理论的创新与研究范式的突破——对统一公法学的证成性阐释

本文是对统一公法学的证成性研究.全文以统一公法学的现有研究成果为基础,从理论标识、认识论和方法论三个方面来进行证成性的阐释与研究,解读其理论内涵与脉络.并且认为,作为一种认识论,统一公法学的理论标识已经确立,其理论体系基本形成,是一种原始性的理论创新;作为一种方法论,统一公法学具有了自己的研究进路,其研究视野非常独特,是一种全新的研究范式.全文旨在最终表明:统一公法学不仅是一种理论上的凝练,而且是一种方法论的指导.     

‘Just Thinking:’ Attitude Development,Public Opinion,and Political Representation

The role of public opinion polls in electoral democracy is undeniable because, for good or for bad, they affect, in part, the kinds of laws and policies elected officials enact. But the voices measured in polls are not perfectly representative of their populations of interest. More precisely, polls generally sing with a more “knowledgeable” accent than those they represent because of the greater tendency of the less knowledgeable to remain silent. This distortion, however, can be palliated by providing conditions more propitious to attitude development. By relying on survey-experiments conducted in Brazil and in the U.S., I present evidence that inducing people to think more carefully before answering attitude questions reduces substantially the likelihood of the less knowledgeable, which compose most of the Brazilian and American populations, to express a nonopinion response. Thus providing people with greater opportunity to think about politics—something most of them do not do very frequently—makes for more representative measures of public opinion. But the analyses also suggest that increased thought induces greater uncertainty or ambivalence among the most knowledgeable. As a whole, this paper improves our understanding on how people come to develop political attitudes and on the conditions that lead to greater attitude uncertainty or ambivalence. It also carries important lessons and implications for survey design more generally.

A role for structured observation in ethics

Progress in the natural sciences has depended upon the collection and use of carefully controlled observational data. By contrast, ethicists have failed to agree upon a role for observational data in their enterprise. Although factors embedded in the human condition obscure the role of observational data in ethical theory, barriers to the use of such data in ethics may be superable. Observation may not provide definitive answers to most ethical or metaethical questions. However observation of carefully constructed experimental conditions may provide the basis for cumulative progress in some branches of ethics.     

多元化:当代公共政策科学方法论的发展取向

从方法论的角度对传统与当代政策科学争论的焦点问题"量化还是质化"进行分析,解释量化与质化研究互补的可能性,可以得出这样的结论:从多元化的角度整合量化与质化研究,融合传统与当代两种冲突范式,是当代政策科学的发展取向。     

浅析商务英语的教学要点

搞好商务英语教学应该从学习者的需要分析、学习动机、教学大纲设计、教学方法四要素入手,同时也要注意这四要素与普通英语的区别。