美国市政体制改革:背景、过程与发展趋势

在 1 9世纪末 2 0世纪初的城市化浪潮中 ,美国市政体制由单一的弱市长制逐渐演进为强市长制、委员会制和经理制。这一变化的根本原因在于经济基础的变动。三种新型体制的出现揭开了 2 0世纪初美国市政体制一系列重大调整的序幕 ,从而促进了城市问题的解决 ,同时探寻到一条现代化条件下推进民主政治的道路     

试论我国加入WTO与我市外来人口犯罪

我国加入WTO以后,农业及农产品会受到较大冲击,随之而来的是大批农村剩余劳动力从周边省份及经济发展相对滞后地区涌入我市,将使我市外来人口犯罪大幅度增加,因此,加强与完善外来人口管理迫在眉睫。     

对加入WTO后流动人口犯罪的社会学分析

加入WTO以后,随着经济、社会的巨大变化,流动人口犯罪将会成为困扰我国社会治安的突出问题之一。在“与狼共舞”的过程中,如何防范和控制流动人口犯罪,维护社会稳定?本文从社会学的视角,对其进行了分析,并提出了基本思路。     

Analyzing conflict severity: Predictions of distributive justice theory for the two-subgroup case

This paper formulates a model of conflict based on the theory of distributive justice. The model begins with a condition we termcleavage: There is a perfect correlation between the distribution of a valued good and a grouping variable such as race, ethnicity, or sex. Cleavage sets the stage for conflict. Two key elements are specified—conflict severity and subgroup effectiveness—and their mathematical representation described. The paper analyzes the special case where the conflict involves two subgroups, and focuses on conflict severity. Analysis identifies several sources of variability in conflict severity: the relative sizes of the two subgroups; whether the advantaged subgroup is the smaller or larger; whether the collectivity values personal attributes (such as noble birth or athletic skill) or instead values material possessions; and the extent and shape of inequality in the distribution of material possessions. Results indicate, among other things, that, in a collectivity which values personal attributes, the smaller is the disadvantaged subgroup, the greater is the conflict severity. In contrast, in a collectivity which values material wealth, the direction of the effect of subgroup relative size on conflict severity depends on the distributional form of the valued material possessions. Results also indicate that, for given subgroup relative size, conflict severity is higher the greater the inequality in the distribution of valued material possessions.     

论流动人口犯罪侦控方略

近年来,全国各大中城市的流动人口犯罪呈明显的上升趋势。随着经济的不断发展和社会矛盾的增多,侵财型犯罪将呈现上升趋势。因此,对这一特殊群体的犯罪问题解决得好与坏,将直接影响到我国在新时期、新阶段的稳定和发展,因而解决流动人口犯罪问题就显得尤为重要。为此要根据其以实施侵财型犯罪为主的特点,有针对性地采取侦控措施。     

山东女性人才发展的人口学研究

女性人才资源的开发程度是一个国家或地区物质文明、精神文明和政治文明整体发展水平的一个重要标志.目前山东女性人才资源开发在其规模、比重、质量水平、分布结构等方面指标都偏低.从世界各国人才发展的几种模式考察,山东正处在第一阶段后半期即由"金字塔型"向"枣核型"的过渡阶段.制约女性人才发展的人口经济学因素主要是女性人口整体文化素质、教育收益、城市化水平、就业水平等几个方面.     

Urban Drug Problems, Policymakers and the General Public

The main focus of this paper is: how strong are people's opinions and policy preferences on the issue of drugs and drug users influenced by their own exposure to drug problems? From a general population survey conducted in eleven European cities, it is concluded that opinions and policy preferences are influenced only to a limited degree by exposure. The people who are not exposed to drug problems in their neighbourhood are more strongly inclined towards a repressive approach than the people who are affected by drug nuisance. Personal experiences with illicit drugs play an important part in the viewpoints. People who have tried drugs themselves lean far more strongly towards a health approach. That tendency is even stronger among those who are exposed to drug-related nuisance.     

我国基层人民检察院检察委员会改革初探

现行基层人民检察院检察委员会制度存在弊端:检察委员会讨论决定的事项范围不确定;组成人员专业性缺失;程序不规范,但基层检察院检察委员会有其独特功能,不应因此废弃而应予改革完善:强化检察委员会的专业性;规范讨论程序;健全制约和保障机制;完善其他配套制度和措施。     

我国流动人口的新特点及其管理模式研究

流动人口管理 ,在预防和控制犯罪方面有着举足轻重的地位。我国加入WTO后 ,流动人口将出现 :流动区域范围呈跨国性 ,问题流动人口增多等五方面的特点。但传统的“社会化”管理流动人口模式存在着不足 ,必须制定全国统一的“专门化”流动人口管理法规体系。建立“专门化”流动人口管理的机构和专职队伍 ,建成流动人口管理全国统一的网络信息系统。     

Coercive capacity,land reform and political order in Afghanistan

This article compares four historical periods in Afghanistan to better understand whether land reform in the post-2001 context will improve prospects for political order. Its central finding is that political order can be established without land reform provided that the state is able to establish and maintain coercive capacity. However, the cost of establishing political order mainly through coercion is very low levels of economic development. We also find that when land reform was implemented in periods of weak or declining coercive capacity, political disorder resulted from grievances unrelated to land issues. In addition, land reforms implemented in the context of highly centralized political institutions increased property insecurity. This suggests the importance of investing in coercive capacity alongside land reform in the current context but also that establishing inclusive political institutions prior to land reform will increase its chances of success.