神话·历史意识·哲学思维

无论是在西方的观念里还是在东方的观念里,神话大概都是一个无法清楚定义的概念,不同哲学家、历史学家对其有各自不同的理解。作为哲学家,赫勒向我们描述了自己对神话的理解。一方面,赫勒以其独特视角向我们讲述历史意识从神话中起源。另一方面,赫勒以其个性化的理解为我们揭示了哲学与神话的相互关系。     

20世纪中国神话学研究述评

20世纪的中国神话学在融汇中、西两种学术传统的基础上得以确立。学界在以西方神话学重新系统复原中国神话的工程告一段落时,应对中国独特的神话类型和发展道路展开相关思考。从俗文学、古小说、神话3个层次内容的影响关联入手,有助于获取正确的神话信息;在统一的多民族国家内,因为少数民族神话借助汉文古籍、少数民族古籍与民俗、口传而传承,所以必须借助西方人类学理论方法予以挖掘、激活,这有可能是中国神话学独特的文本类型和表述范式。     

Nationalism and Cultural Memory in Poland: The European Union Turns East

The eastern expansion of the European Union confronts the process of European integration with the phenomenon of cultural and ethnic nationalism. This paper examines the situation of Poland, using Jan Assmann's theory of cultural memory to reconstruct the historical dimension of Polish nationalism which underlies the current constructions of the Polish nation. Understanding itself as the antemurale Europae christianiae, Poland owns an old tradition of resistance. This tradition allowed this country to survive times of division and oppression but now turns against the European Union.     

勒内·基拉尔神话观的理论脉络

勒内·基拉尔是法国著名思想家,基拉尔神话观的理论基石是“摹仿欲望”说与“替罪羊机制”说.基拉尔批评了弗洛伊德的心理学说,并在反思列维-斯特劳斯神话理论的基础上提出了自己的神话观.基拉尔认为,神话根植于真实的暴力,其叙事视角是迫害者的视角,而《圣经》则“解神话”,谴责暴力,提供的是受害者的视角.基拉尔的神话观为神话起源与文本分析提供了一种有效的解释框架,但同时也需注意到基拉尔的理论限度.     

试论习惯环保法

习惯环保法作为习惯法的一个重要组成部分具有和习惯法相同的特性.习惯环保法在一个社会共同体内具有一定的确定性、统一性和权威性.习惯环保法多数扎根于少数民族地区,是因其特殊的环境或生活习惯所形成的.本文阐述了习惯环保法产生的民族渊源、社会学基础及对其今后的引导方向,认为习惯环保法的变迁决定于当地族群文化的变迁,而后者又决定于当地的经济发展水平,因而习惯环保法的变迁最终取决于经济的变迁.     

Exploring sexual harassment and related attitudes in Beninese high schools: a field study

Sexual harassment severely impacts the educational system in the West African country Benin and the progress of women in this society that is characterized by great gender inequality. Knowledge of the belief systems rooting in the sociocultural context is crucial to the understanding of sexual harassment. However, no study has yet investigated how sexual harassment is related to fundamental beliefs in Benin or West African countries. We conducted a field study on 265 female and male students from several high schools in Benin to investigate the link between sexual harassment and measures of ambivalent sexism, gender identity, and rape myth acceptance. Almost half of the sample reported having experienced sexual harassment personally or among peers. Levels of sexism and rape myth acceptance were very high compared to other studies. These attitudes appeared to converge in a sexist belief system that was linked to personal experiences, the perceived probability of experiencing and fear of sexual harassment. Results suggest that sexual harassment is a societal problem and that interventions need to address fundamental attitudes held in societies low in gender equality.     

恐怖、帝国神话和资本过程

后冷战时代,有一种观点认为,在和平和发展这个主题之外,恐怖和帝国构成了全球化的一个副主题.孱弱的恐怖活动以庞大的资本帝国为攻击目标,资本帝国以反恐为工具,二者在全球化过程中相互对抗,是全球体系的腐败区域所孳生的孪生物.从这个角度看,恐怖和帝国在本质上都是失败者.全球性本体的生成和全球社会的确立是全球化所要到达的终极目的地,而恐怖和帝国必将在到达这一目的地的过程中最终消亡     

"非洲个性"或"黑人性"--20世纪非洲复兴统一的神话与现实

“非洲个性” (AfricanPersonality)或“黑人性” (Negritude)思潮 ,是 2 0世纪非洲大陆为实现复兴与统一而高举的精神旗帜 ,是非洲人民团结奋斗的情感认同对象。这一思潮的传播过程 ,集中体现了 2 0世纪非洲大陆为实现复兴与统一所作努力的特殊性质与艰难过程。     

Interrupting the Myth of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Partage</Emphasis>: Reflections on Sovereignty and Sacrifice in the work of Nancy,Agamben and Derrida

Agamben traces the bio-political essence of modern politics to the non-sacrificial killing of Homo Sacer in Roman law. Nancy, on the other hand, links the history of Western politics to the fundamental logic of sacrifice in Western metaphysics. He nevertheless contemplates the possibility that Western societies may finally have arrived at the threshold of a non-sacrificial existence. Derrida seeks to resist the sacrificial logic of Western metaphysics and politics, but nevertheless appears to accept it as an irreducible fact of human co-existence. Unlike Nancy, he envisages no actual or actualised beyond beyond the realm of sacrificial metaphysics and politics. He thus can be said to interrupt Nancy’s ‘myth’ of a non-sacrificial partage. This article compares these three philosophical stances in the hope of throwing more light on the role of sacrifice in the law and politics of our time. Professor of Law, Rand Afrikaans University. Conversations with Ann van Sevenant, Carol Clarkson, Louise du Toit, Peter Fitzpatrick, Costas Douzinas and Adam Thurschwell gave impetus to many of the themes developed in this article. Concomitant shortcomings and inaccuracies, as always, are mine.