论联合国集体安全体系所面临的问题

《联合国宪章》所确立的集体安全体系与国际联盟的有关规定相比，有着意义深远的进步。然而，随着国际形势的变化，宪章的设想暴露出了这样那样的缺陷，从而使得执行联合国集体安全体系职能面临一系列问题：联合国集体安全体系的政治基础不稳，使得集体安全体系赖以存在的“大国一致”原则难以得到实现；对行使集体强制行动的法律前提缺乏权威性的统一解释；联合国集体强制军事行动所需军队无法建立，联合国维持和平行动缺乏应有的法律规范。对以上几个方面的原因进行分析，有利于国际社会进一步完善联合国集体安全体系，使之对人类的和平与安全发挥更大的作用     

查缉人员消极心理及其防治

查缉人员的消极心理主要有急于求成、麻痹大意、遇事慌张、害怕困难、反应迟缓等,其产生原因主要是思想不过硬、缺乏查缉技能、不善于自我调控和查缉指挥的影响.防治查缉人员的消极心理应加强思想教育和查缉技能训练,提高指挥水平,注意临战自我心理调控.     

略论21世纪的世界大趋势

本世纪最后10年发生了苏联解体、海湾战争、科索沃、危机、南斯拉夫分裂、东南亚金融危机、欧洲统一、北约东扩、美日安全同盟再定义等全球性事件,这些事件标志着冷战时代的结束.21世纪,世界政治经济形势将呈现全球化趋势加强、世界经济欣欣向荣的局面,世界和平仍可确保.     

维和行动与国家主权

在尊重国家主权的基础上,维和行动形成了同意、中立、自卫等基本原则.实践中,维和行动在这些基本原则的指导下,为解决国际争端作出了巨大贡献,其本身也不断得到丰富.然而由于国际形势的复杂性,加之维和行动本身的缺陷,使之在发展过程中出现了蜕变现象.为了促进维和行动的健康发展,第一,在处理国家冲突中,仍要强调对国家主权原则的严格遵守;第二,各国共同协商,完善维和行动的法治化;第三,明确维和行动所处的地位,不能对之期望过高;第四,应支持维和行动的合理变革.     

Leonard Woolf,the League of Nations and Peace Between the Wars

Co‐founding The Political Quarterly was one among many of Leonard Woolf's achievements during a long career as a progressive political thinker and publicist, particularly in the field of international affairs. To mark the centenary of the publication of International Government, his most innovative and influential work on the subject, this article seeks to assess Woolf's contribution. It examines the Fabian background to Woolf's work, his support for and approach to the League of Nations and his commitment to collective security as an approach to peace. Through a broader understanding of the League it argues that certain failings in the area of collective security, however profound, should not be permitted to blight an otherwise impressive intellectual legacy.     

Measuring the Ambivalence of Religion: Introducing the Religion and Conflict in Developing Countries (RCDC) Dataset

Despite ample anecdotal evidence, previous research on violent conflict has found little evidence that religion is an important factor in organized violence. Quantitative work in this area has been largely confined to the interreligious character of conflict and measures of religious diversity, and has strongly neglected the peace aspect of religion. The Religion and Conflict in Developing Countries (RCDC) dataset helps to fill this gap with innovative and fine-grained data for 130 developing countries between 1990 and 2010. RCDC includes four types of religious violence (assaults on religious targets, attacks by religious actors, clashes between religious communities, and clashes with the state). In addition, RCDC contains data on interreligious networks and peace initiatives. This article demonstrates the usefulness of RCDC by applying our data to a preliminary analysis. The results indicate that interreligious networks are a reaction to identity overlaps and previous interreligious conflict.     

Dealing with the Ambivalent Dragon: Can Engagement Moderate China’s Strategic Competition with America?

Can US engagement moderate China’s strategic competition with America? This study indicates that the answer is a qualified yes. Under unipolarity, a rising state may face both incentives to reach an accommodation with the hegemon and to expand its own stature and influence against the hegemonic dominance. The ambivalence of its intentions is structurally induced and reflects its uncertain stake in the hegemonic order. Consequently, a strategy of engagement may help the hegemon to promote cooperation over competition in dealing with an ascending power, but it does not necessarily eliminate the structural incentives for the competition. Against this theoretical backdrop, this study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research to demonstrate that China’s reaction to American preeminence has long been marked by a profound ambivalence. Specifically, the findings suggest that while US engagement has some restraining impact on China’s competitive propensity, Beijing will continue to hedge against American hegemony, as its capabilities grow, by solidifying its diplomatic and strategic association with the developing world.     

违反安全保障义务侵权行为的赔偿责任探析

公共场所、宾馆、学校等从事经营活动或其他社会活动的人,违反安全保障义务而给消费者或其他社会大众造成人身、财产损失的行为,是一种不作为侵权行为,经营者必须对此后果承担赔偿责任。经营者承担赔偿责任必须符合一般侵权行为民事责任的构成要件。承担责任的形式可能是直接责任,也可能是补充责任。     

公共产品供给对农民增收的负面效应及其防控

农村公共产品有效供给是促进农民增收的关键性要素,对农民增收会产生正面效应,是促进农民增收的有效途径。但公共产品供给对农民增收也会产生一些负面效应,这是我们在农村公共产品供给决策和推进时必须要理性认识和积极应对的重要问题。因此,只有既充分发挥正面效应,又积极预防与减控负面效应,才能最大可能地促进农民增收。     

网络文化对当代大学生的负面影响及其对策

每一种新兴事物对社会所产生的影响都是具有两面性的。特别是主宰着 2 1世纪的网络信息技术更是对社会造成深远的影响。作为网络信息技术所包含的网络文化对当代大学生产生了较大的负面影响。因此 ,高校思想工作者必须要消减这些负面影响 ,促进大学生健康发展。